AID 


» 


3b 


BAY  RE    FRYER 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


SOUTHERN  BRA  IMC  M 

IVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
LIBRARY 

COS  ANGELES.  C,u  IF 


THE 

MARY  FRANCES 
FIRST  AID  BOOK 


MART  FKANVLS  PUTS  HER  FIRST  AID  K.VOWLEIW;  INTO  I'KA<  TICK 


THE  MARY  FRANCES 

FIRST  AID  BOOK 

WITH    READY    REFERENCE    LIST    OF    ORDINARY 

ACCIDENTS     AND     ILLNESSES,     AND     APPROVED 

HOME    REMEDIES 

BY 

JANE  EAYRE  FRYER 

Member  American  Red  Cross  Society, 

Member  New  Jersey  Women's  Division  National 

Preparedness  Association, 

Author  of  "The  Mary  Frances  Story-Instruction  Books." 
ILLUSTRATIONS  BY 

JANE  ALLEN   HOVER 


r 


-o 


PREPAREDNESS 

THIS  book  is  for  every  boy  and  girl  who  hopes  to  render 
first-aid  to  the  sick  or  injured — in  time  of  peace — in  time 
„     of  war — at  all  times  in  the  service  of 

OUR   COUNTRY 


[81 


PREFACE 

THIS  book  is  more  than  a  story  to  inspire  children  with 
a  desire  to  relieve  suffering;  it  is  a  simplified  and  handy 
reference  book,  telling  what  to  do  in  cases  of  accident  or 
illness.  In  no  sense  is  it  intended  to  take  the  place  of 
the  physician.  The  first  principle  of  first-aid  cannot  too 
often  be  repeated  —  when  in  doubt,  send  for  the  doctor. 

Especial  thanks  are  due  to  E.  A.  Y.  Schellenger,  M.D., 
member  Surgical  Staff,  Cooper  Hospital,  Camden,  N.  J.,  for 
his  great  assistance  in  verifying  and  revising  the  medical 
and  first-aid  instructions  given  herein;  and  to  Constance 
Cooper  Crichton,  Instructor  of  First  Aid  Classes,  New 
Jersey  Women's  Division  National  Preparedness,  whose 
helpful  criticism  and  suggestions  have  been  invaluable. 


MERCHANTVILLE,  X.  .1. 


CONTENTS 


CHAPTER  PAGE 

I.    OFF  TO  MEXICO 17 

II.    THE  SPEEDERS'  ACCIDENT 21 

III.  FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED 20 

IV.  AT  THE  DOLLS'  HOSPITAL 30 

V.    THE  REAL  CROSS  NURSES 35 

VI.    LESSONS  IN  FIRST  AID 39 

VII.    SAFETY  FIRST 43 

VIII.    PRACTICE  GAMES 50 

IX.    THE  HIKERS 53 

X.    ON  LOOKING  GLASS  LAKE 60 

XL    Two  BOYS  ARE  LATE 67 

XII.    PLANS 73 

XIII.  A  SANE  FOURTH  OF  JULY 81 

XIV.  SHESA,  A  RED  CROSS  XURSE SS 

XV.    A  TELEGRAM  FROM  MEXICO 94 

XVI.    PRIVATE  BRAVE'S  ADVENTURES 97 

XVII.    THE  MAD  DOG    ....  102 

XVIII.    THE  POISONED  BABY 105 

XIX.    HURRAH  FOR  OUR  HERO 108 

APPENDIX 

A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  OF  ORDINARY  ACCIDENTS 

AND  ILLNESSES,  WITH  APPROVED  HOME  REMEDIES  1 !."» 


INSTRUCTIONS 


WHAT  TO  Do  UNTIL  THE  DOCTOR  COMES,  IN  ORDINARY 
HOUSEHOLD  EMERGENCIES  (See  Ready  Reference  List) 

PAGE 

BILIOUSNESS 117 

BITES  OF  ANIMALS 117 

BITES  OF  INSECTS 117 

"BLACK  EYE" 117 

BLEEDING  OF  GUMS 117 

BLOOD  BLISTERS 118 

BROKEN  BONES  OR  FRACTURES 118 

BRUISES  OR  CONTUSIONS 118 

BURNS  AND  SCALDS 119 

CAR  SICKNESS 120 

CHILBLAINS      120 

CHILLS 120 

CHOKING 120 

COAL  GAS,  SUFFOCATION  FROM 120 

COLDS 120 

COLIC.  121 

CONVULSIONS  OF  CHILDREN 122 

CORNS 122 

CROUP 122 

CUTS  (SLIGHT) 122 

DIAUKHKA 123 

in] 


12  INSTRUCTIONS 


PAGE 

EARACHE 123 

FAINTING 123 

FEVER  BLISTERS  (COLD  SORES) 124 

FIRE,  TO  AVOID  ACCIDENTS  FROM 48 

FITS 124 

FOREIGN  BODY  IN  EAR 124 

FOREIGN  BODY  IN  EYE 125 

FROST  BITES 125 

GUM  BOILS  ("CANKER  SPOTS") 125 

HEAT  EXHAUSTION 125 

HEMORRHAGE  (SEVERE  BLEEDING) 125 

HICCOUGH 127 

HIVES 127 

INDIGESTION 127 

ITCHING 127 

LICE  IN  HAIR  (PEDICULOSIS) 127 

NAILS  (INGROWING) 127 

NAUSEA  (SICK  STOMACH) 128 

NOSEBLEED 128 

PERSPIRATION 128 

POISON  IVY  RASH 128 

POISONING — TREATMENTS  AND  ANTIDOTES 128 

POWDER  WOUNDS 130 

PRICKLY  HEAT 130 

PTOMAINE  POISONING.  130 


INSTRUCTIONS  13 


PACT 

SEA-SICKNESS 130 

SHOCK 131 

SORE  THROAT 131 

SPLINTERS 131 

SPRAIN 131 

STIFF  NECK 131 

STINGS 132 

STRAIN  OF  MUSCLES 132 

SUNBURN 132 

SUNSTROKE 132 

TOOTHACHE 132 

WARTS 133 

WOUNDS 133 

PLASTERS,  POULTICES  AND  STUPES 134 

How  TO  RID  A  HOUSE  OF  FLEAS 56 

How  TO  USE  FIRST  AID  BANDAGES       .82,  83,  84,  98,  99 
How  TO  MAKE  A  DRINKING  CUP      42 

LIST  OF  REMEDIES  FOR  THE  HOME  MEDICINE  CLOSET  136 


DOCTOR 

SCRECURE 
Renidtni  Physician 


CHARACTERS 

HOSPITAL  STAFF 


DOCTOR 
QUICKENQPACK 

Interne  Physician 


ICER  ARBEKT 
Chit/  of  Police 


ief  of  Police 


PATIENTS 


HE«A  BHAVB  MRB.  BRAVE 

~ir*ttr  Rrnrr's  FatHrr  Pritate  Brare'f  Mother 


IMA  BRAVE 

Prirat'  Rrnre 
V.  .S.  Xrmy 


SOAMI  BRAVK 

Pritfilf  firat-e'i 

Ltltf  Sinter 


Inr.r.  Tln\\i 
Priintt  Rratr't 


IA  Bnxvc 
I'rimtf  Hratf'i 
Bio  -Sw^.T 


CHAPTER  I 
OFF  TO  MEXICO 

HE  Head  Nurse,  Miss  Bossem,  rushed  out 
of  the  Dolls'  Hospital  toward  the  children. 
"  You're  late,  Miss  Helpem,"  she  called  to 
Mary  Frances.  "Go  right  on  duty  rolling 
bandages  for  the  soldiers  who  start  for 

Mexico    today.      The    troop-train    leaves    at    two-thirty. 

Hurry,  now,  or  you   won't   get  them   to    the  station  on 

time." 

Then,   turning   to   Billy,    "Get   the   ambulance   ready 

immediately,"  she  commanded,  and  Billy  disappeared  into 

the  garage. 

You  see,  Mary  Frances  finished  the  course  in  First 
Aid  Nursing  with  the  Red  Cross  Preparedness  Class  just 
before  her  birthday.  Being  very  proud  of  her  newly 
acquired  knowledge,  she  wanted  to  show  Billy  how  much 
she  had  learned. 

When  Billy  promised  her  any  favor  she  could  think  of 
as  a  birthday  present,  Mary  Frances  joyfully  asked  him 
to  spend  a  whole  day  at  the  Dolls'  Hospital  in  the  playroom, 
pretending  they  were  little  kiddies  again — that  she  was 
Miss  Helpem,  the  assistant  nurse,  and  that  Billy  was  the 
ambulance  driver.  To  keep  his  promise,  Bill}'  consented. 

Just  as  they  stepped  into  the  playroom  door,   they 

[17] 


18 


seemed  to  grow  smaller  and  smaller,  until  they  were  no 
bigger  than  the  dolls  themselves. 

Now,  go  on  with  the  story  and  see  what  happened. 


Promptly  at  two-fifteen,  Miss  Helpem  arrived  at  the 
station  with  an  ambulance  full  of  bandages,  and  just  in 


"ALWAYS  CARRY  THIS  WITH  You" 


time  to  see  the  Brave  family  bidding  good-bye  to  Private 
Ima  Brave.     All  the  family  were  there,  even  Michael,  the 


OFF  TO  MEXICO  19 


big  bulldog.     Private  Brave  was  among  the  last  of  the 
soldiers  to  board  the  little  train. 

"  You'll  write  from  New  York,  dear,"  begged  his  mother, 
kissing  him  for  the  twentieth  time,  and  slipping  a  little 
American  Red  Cross  first-aid  outfit  in  his  hand.  "  Always 
carry  this  with  you,  and  remember  how  your  mother  loves 
you." 

"And  you'll  send  me  picture  postcards  from  every- 
where, won't  you?"  begged  little  Ibee  Brave,  standing  on 
tip-toe  to  get  a  better  view  of  his  tall,  straight  brother. 

"There's  a  speck  of  dust  on  your  uniform,"  fussed  Soami, 
his  little  sister,  as  she  brushed  him  with  her  handkerchief. 

Private  Brave  smiled.  "We're  not  on  dress  parade, 
little  sister,"  he  said.  "It's  good  that  khaki  doesn't  show 
the  dust,  for  it's  a  dusty  country  we're  going  to." 

"  'It's  a  long,  long  way  to  Mexico, it's  a  long  way  to  go,'  ' 
began  little  Ibee ;  but  at  that  moment  the  engine  whistled, 
and  his  father  clasped  Private  Brave's  hand. 

"I  am  proud  of  my  son,"  was  all  he  said. 

"And  I,  of  my  brother,"  Shesa,  his  big  sister,  added, 
with  tears  in  her  eyes. 

One  more  whistle,  and  the  little  train  started  down  the 
playroom  railroad  track. 

"We'll  bring  the  limousine  nearer  the  station,"  said 
Mr.  Brave,  taking  Mrs.  Brave's  arm  and  walking  away. 

"Father  and  Mother  don't  want  an}Tone  to  talk  with 
them  just  now,"  said  Shesa. 

"I  don't  see  why.  Gee,  I  wish  I  was  big  enough  to  go," 
said  little  Ibee,  as  he  watched  the  train  until  the  last  car 
turned  a  curve  in  the  track. 


20  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"You'd  make  a  fine  soldier,  wouldn't  you,"  laughed 
Soami,  "when  you're  afraid  to  go  upstairs  in  the  dark." 

"  Only  sometimes,"  answered  Ibee;  "  only  when  the  wind 
blows  hard  and  when  it 'snot  moonlight — and  then,  notoften." 
"Why,  Soami,  Ibee  is  real  brave,"  said  Shesa.     "Don't 
you  remember  how  you  were  afraid  to  go  down  cellar  to 
get  some  jam  last   night  and  Ibee  would 
have  gone,  if  father  hadn't  made  you  go?" 
"Yes,  and  father  stood  on  the  landing 
the  whole  time  you  were  gone,  too,  Miss," 
declared  Ibee  triumphantly. 

"Yes,  that's  so,"  acknowledged  Soami. 
"I  guess  Ibee  would  make  a  good  soldier 
— especially  a  drummer  boy.  My!  he  can 
drum  bravely!  Did  you  hear  him  yester- 
day, Shesa?" 

"  Indeed  I  did,"  laughed  the  sister. 
"Yes,"  continued  Soami,  mischievously, 
"don't  you  remember  the  verses  about — 

'A  little  man  bought  him  a  big  bass  drum, 

Boom-tid-dee-ah-da-boom ! 
"Who  knows,"  said  he,  "When  a  war  might  come? 

Boom-tid-dee-ah-da-boom ! 
I'm  not  at  all  frightened  you  understand, 
But  if  I  am  called  to  fight  for  my  land, 
I  want  to  be  ready  to  play  in  the  band. 

Boom-tid-dee-ah-da-boom ! ' 

"Come,  children,"  said  their  father,  driving  up,  "here's 
the  car.     Hop  in." 


CHAPTER  II 
THE  SPEEDERS'  ACCIDENT 

HE  shrill  sound  of  a  policeman's  whistle  cut 
the  air  three  times,  but  the  dollsmobile  sped 
on  faster  than  ever. 

"I  couldn't  catch  them  at  all,  at  all," 
reported  the  little  thin  sub-officer,  McStop- 
pem,  at  headquarters. 

"Bring  my  motorcycle,  McStoppem,"  ordered  Chief 
Arrestem. 

"All  right,  sir,"  nodded  Officer  McStoppem,  bringing 
out  the  wonderful  little  toy.  "If  you  take  the  cross-cut 
road  toward  Sandpile  Village,  you'll  catch  them.  The 
number  is — here  it  is,  I  wrote  it  down — 1492.  You  can 
easily  remember  it — the  year  Columbus  made  'prepared- 
ness' necessary." 

"Cut  out  your  chatter,  McStoppem,  and  follow  me  in 
a  hurry,"  directed  the  chief,  as  he  kicked  the  pedal  of  the 
motorcycle  to  start  the  engine.  "Hand  me  the  paper," 
and,  snatching  it,  was  off. 

"The  chief '11  get  'em  O.K.,"  muttered  Officer  Mc- 
Stoppem to  himself,  as  he  watched  the  long  line  of  dust  and 
smoke  in  the  wake  of  the  little  motorcycle. 


Just  as  Chief  Arrestem  came  into  the  cross-roads  leading 
to  Sandpile  Village,  the  runaway  automobile  flew  past. 

[211 


22 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


"By  Jiminy,  I  don't  wonder  McStoppem  couldn't  catch 
them,"  he  said  under  his  breath,  as  he  put  on  still  more 
speed.  "That  man's  lost  control  of  his  car,  and  unless  I'm 
mistaken  there'll  be  an  accident  when  he  comes  to  that 


"On,  THE  ENGINE'S  ON  FIRE!" 

dangerous  turn  in  the  road  where  that  big  rocking  chair 
stands." 

Meanwhile  everybody  in  the  dollsmobile  was  trying  not 
to  be  frightened. 

"  Can't  3'ou  slow  down  a  little,  Father?"  asked  Mrs. 
Brave. 

"The  brakes  won't  hold,"  panted  Mr.  Brave,  forcing 
both  brakes  on  with  all  his  might.  "This  is  dreadful!" 


THE  SPEEDERS'  ACCIDENT  23 

"Gee  whiz!"  exclaimed  little  Ibee,  looking  out  the  rear 
window.  "Here  comes  the  motor  police.  He'll  arrest  us 
for  speeding." 

"Oh,  mercy,  we're  coming  to  Rocking  Hill  road,"  gasped 
Shesa.  "Father,  do  turn  off  the  power!" 

But  Shesa  spoke  too  late,  and  kerr-smash!  ken-bang! 
kerr-plunk!  went  the  dollsmobile  right  into  the  rockers 
of  the  rocking  chair,  turning  "turtle"  twice,  and  breaking 
the  beautiful  glass  windows  to  pieces.  Out  of  the  broken 
radiator  the  boiling  hot  water  poured  over  poor  Mrs. 
Brave's  arm  where  she  lay  just  as  she  was  thrown. 

"Oh,  the  engine's  on  fire!"  shrieked  little  Soami,  "and 
I'm  burning  to  death!" 

"Father,  Father,"  called  little  Ibce,  "come  get  me  out! 
I'm  fast  under  the  car!  Come  get  me  out,  please!  Oh, 
I'll  be  burned  to  death!  Father,  oh,  my  arm  hurts!  Oh, 
I  can't  move  my  arm!" 

The  mother  managed  to  get  up  when  she  heard  the 
children  call. 

"Where's  your  father?  Oh,  where  is  he?"  she  cried, 
and  going  to  the  other  side  of  the  car,  she  saw  poor  Mr. 
Brave  lying  amidst  a  heap  of  broken  glass  and  wheels  and 
gears.  From  his  head  ran  a  little  stream  of  blood. 

"Oh,  he's  dead!"  she  sobbed,  but  just  then  he  gave  a 
little  groan.  "Oh,  my  dear  husband,"  she  exclaimed,  "tell 
mo  you're  not  dead!  Tell  me  you're  not  dead!"  she  begged, 
unmindful  of  her  own  arm. 

"I'm  dead,  Mother,"  groaned  little  Soami.  "I  just 
know  I'm  (load  with  pain." 

"Well,  I'm  not!"  said   little   Ibee,   "and  even  though 


24 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


my  arm  hurts  so,  I'm  going  to  try  to  go  for  help  if  I  can  get 
out  from  under  this  car." 


UP  CAME  CHIEF  ARRESTEM 

"My,  that's  so!"  exclaimed  the  mother.      "I  myself 
forgot  to  be  brave.     I'll  go  for  help." 

But  just  as  she  spoke,  up  came  Chief  Arrestem. 


THE  SPEEDERS'  ACCIDENT  25 

"I  saw  it  all,  madam,"  he  said,  "and  I  stopped  to 
telephone  to  the  hospital  for  the  ambulance." 

"  Oh,  don't  'rest  us,  please,"  begged  little  Ibee.  "  Please, 
Mr.  Officer,  don't  arrest  us.  We  weren't  speeding.  Father 
couldn't  make  the  brakes  hold!" 

"Don't  you  worry,  little  chap,"  replied  Chief  Arrestem. 
"I  won't  arrest  any  of  you.  Here  comes  Officer  McStoppem 
on  his  motorcycle,  just  as  I  told  him  to,  and  in  a  minute 
we'll  have  you  all  out  from  under." 

"Never  mind  about  me,"  said  Ibee.  "Please  get  poor 
Soami  out.  She's  dead,  I  think." 

"Quirk,  McStoppem,"  called  the  chief,  "help  throw 
>s:md  on  this  car  to  put  out  the  fire!" 

It  took  about  ten  seconds  for  the  two  officers  to  put 
the  fire  out,  and  even  before  that,  they  heard  the  honk! 
honk!  of  the  ambulance. 

"Here  comes  the  ambulance!"  cried  Chief  Arrestem. 
"Now,  with  the  driver's  help,  we'll  soon  be  able  to  lift  this 


car." 


CHAPTER  III 


FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED 

OW,  all  at  once,"  directed  Chief  Arrestem. 
"One,  two,  three!"  and  the  two  officers  and 
the  two  ambulance  men  lifted  the  dollsmobile 
high  up  over  to  the  other  side  of  the  road. 

"Well,  friends,"  said  Officer  Arrestem,  "if 
there's  nothing  more  we  can  do,  we'll  return  to  our  duty." 

"Nothing  more,  thank  you,"  the 
head  nurse  answered. 

The  driver  had  quickly  smothered 
the  flames  of  little  Soami's  frock  by 
using  the  automobile  robes. 

"Oh,  my  goodness!"  shrieked  Mrs. 
Brave,  "  where's  Shesa?  I  wonder  where 
my  dear  daughter  is!  Where  is  she? 
Where  can  she  be?"  she  kept  on  asking, 

Crying  hysterically.  SMOTHERED  THE  FLAMES 

"Hush!  quiet  yourself!"  commanded     OF  LITTLE  SOAMI'S 
the  assistant  nurse,  who  came  in  the  am- 
bulance.    "We    found  your  daughter  a  few  moments  ago 
where  she  was  thrown.     She  had  fainted,  but  she  is  all  right 
now." 

"Oh,  sit  her  up;  don't  let  her  lie  there!' 
mother. 

"Indeed,  you  must  keep  quiet, "said  the  nurse, 

[261 


exclaimed  the 


or  we 


FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED 


27 


cannot  do  anything  for  anybody.  It  is  better  for  her  to 
lie  down  than  to  sit  up." 

"I'd  keep  quiet  if  I  knew  what  to  do!  Every  woman 
and  man,  too,  ought  to  know." 

"Yes,"  replied  the  nurse,  "every  person  ought  to 
know  something  about  first  aid  to  the  injured."  She  and 


THEY  ATTENDED  THE  MOST  DANGBBOUBLT  IKJORED  FIB«T 

the  other  nurse  were  busily  directing  the  orderly  and 
driver  of  the  ambulance  in  every  movement,  giving  them 
explicit  directions. 

They  attended  the  most  dangerously  injured  first, 
stopping  the  bleeding  (hemorrhage)  of  Mr.  Brave's  head 
and  bandaging  a  dressing  in  place.  They  applied  soothing 
caiTon  oil  to  the  burns  on  little  Soami's  arms  and  legs. 

They  bandaged  temporary  splints  to  little  Ibec's  broken 


28  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

arm,  and,  since  Mrs.  Brave's  scalds  were  not  serious,  they 
attended  her  last. 

Under  Mr.  Brave's  broken  leg  they  placed  pillows  to 
make  him  more  comfortable. 

"If  I'd  only  remembered  to  turn  off  the  power  this  never 
would  have  happened,"  he  muttered.  "  How  foolish  of  me !" 

"There  would  never  be  any  accidents  to  speak  of," 
said  the  assistant  nurse,  soothingly,  "if  everybody  did 
everything  right,  you  know." 

"If  everybody  just  kept  his  head  cool,"  said  Mr.  Brave, 
as  he  tried  to  move  his  position,  but  fell  back  with  a 
groan. 

"Give  him  a  half-teaspoon  of  aromatic  spirit  of 
ammonia,  Miss  Helpem,"  said  Miss  Bossem,  who  was 
engaged  in  spreading  the  stretcher. 

"Now,  everyone  ready  to  lift  this  patient,"  she  directed, 
as  she  and  the  driver  and  orderly  knelt  on  one  knee  beside 
Shesa,  and  Miss  Helpem  took  her  position  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  stretcher.  As  the  three  lifted  Shesa,  Miss 
Helpem  carefully  held  the  stretcher  in  place,  and  afterward 
helped  carry  the  patient  to  the  ambulance.  Next  they 
carried  the  two  children,  using  a  stretcher  for  little  Ibee, 
and  making  a  two-handed  seat  for  Soami.  (A  "sedan 
chair,"  you  know — the  kind  you  play  with  at  school.) 

"I'm  sorry  neither  doctor  could  leave  the  operating 
room  to  come,  Miss  Helpem,"  remarked  Miss  Bossem,  to 
her  assistant,  who  was  Mary  Frances,  you  remember.  "If 
you  will  wait  here  with  these  two  patients, "  (they  were  Mrs. 
and  Mr.  Brave)  "I  will  return  with  either  Doctor  Surecure 
or  Doctor  Quickenquack." 


FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED  29 

''Oh,  why  can't  you  take  my  dear  husband  along?" 
begged  Mrs.  Brave.  "He's  awfully  hurt!  awfully!" 

"Please  explain  to  her,  Miss  Helpem,"  said  Miss  Bossem, 
getting  into  the  ambulance,  "that  it  is  far  better  to  wait 
for  the  doctor  to  attend  a  broken  leg  than  to  attempt  to 
place  it  in  splints — unless  it  is  absolutely  necessary  to  move 
the  patient." 

Miss  Helpem  turned  to  Mrs.  Brave,  who  was  by  this 
time  quite  exhausted,  and  after  explaining  the  situation, 
treated  her,  as  she  had  all  the  others,  for— 

Cause:  SHOCK 

A  severe  injury,  or  even  the  sight  of  one,  will  often  cause  intense 
nervousness,  which  is  very  weakening.  This  is  especially  true  if 
the  patient  is  suffering  from  severe  bleeding.  Check  the  bleeding 
before  treating  for  shock. 

Shock  differs  from  fainting.  The  patient's  face  becomes  pale 
and  the  skin  cold,  the  pupils  of  the  eyes  large. 

What  to  do: 

1.  Send  for  the  doctor. 

2.  Place  patient  on  back  with  head  low  to  allow  plenty  of  blood 
to  enter  head. 

3.  Give  hot  water  or  hot  coffee,  or  one-half  teaspoonful  aromatic 
spirit  of  ammonia  in  a  quarter  of  a  tumbler  of  water. 

4.  Hold  smelling  salts  to  the  nose. 

5.  Do  not  excite  by  trying  to  remove  clothing  unless  absolutely 
necessary,   but  keep  patient   warm   by   use  of  hot-water  bottles  and 
blankets,  etc. 

6.  Cover  patient.     Rub  limbs  toward  body. 

7.  Do  not  give  whiskey  or  any  other  form  of  alcohol,  if  any  other 
stimulant   can   be   found — and   nmr  whiskey   in   case   of  hemorrhage 
(severe  bleeding). 


CHAPTER  IV 

AT  THE  DOLLS'  HOSPITAL 

N  a  short  time  Mrs.  Brave  began  to  feel 
better,  and,  by  the  time  the  ambulance 
returned,  was  able  to  stir  about. 

"Let  us  have  a  look  at  this  broken  leg," 
said  Doctor  Quickenquack,  examining  Mr. 
Brave.  "Ahem!  I  think,  Miss  Bossem,  after  all,  we 
would  better  use — 

FIRST-AID  TREATMENT  FOR  BROKEN  LEG 

(See  Reference  List) 

Place  pillows  under  the  leg  to  make  it  more  comfortable,  but 
do  not  move  the  patient  before  the  doctor  comes,  unless  absolutely 
necessary.  If  necessary  to  move,  place  a  board  or  an  umbrella,  one 
on  each  side  of  the  leg,  and  tie  in  place,  (or  tie  both  legs  together  if  it 
seems  advisable)  using  bands  of  muslin,  handkerchiefs,  or  *triangular 
bandages. 

"  After  we  have  Mr.  Brave  in  the  hospital,  we'll  put 
that  leg  in  the  right  kind  of  splints  and  bandages,"  remarked 
the  doctor,  as  he  and  the  driver  and  orderly  placed  him  on 
the  stretcher.  "  You'll  be  running  a  race  like  a  boy  in  a 
few  weeks,"  he  continued  encouragingly  as  he  seated  him- 
self beside  the  patient  in  the  ambulance,  and  the  nurse 
helped  Mrs.  Brave  to  a  place. 

*  Triangular  bandages  are  described  in  (.'hapler 

1301 


AT  THK  DOLLS'  HOSPITAL 


''Like  a  tortoise,  I'm  thinking,"  said  Mr.  Brave,  trying 
to  joke  above  the  pain,  for  oh,  how  his  broken  leg  did 
ache. 

Clang!  clang!   clang — clang!   sounded   the    ambulance 


His  MOTHER  WAS  SITTING  BESIDE  THE  BED 

gong,  and  in  less  than  a  few  minutes    they  were  at  the 
Dolls'  Hospital. 

The  next  morning  little  Ibee  came  into  his  father's 
room,  where  his  mother  was  sitting  beside  the  bed  with  her 
scalded  arm  nicely  dressed  and  bandaged. 

"I'm  going  to  be  a  doctor,"  he  announced  proudly,  after 
bidding  his  parents  good-morning.  "  This  is  a  dandy  place! 
There  aren't  any  private  rooms  for  Soami  or  me,  so  we're 
each  in  a  ward,  and  there's  a  fellow  in  the  mon's  ward  all 


32  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

done  up  in  bandages.  I  just  wish  you  could  see  him!  I 
got  Doctor  Quickenquack  to  tell  me  what  kinds  they  all 
were  and  I  can't  remember  all  of  them,  but  I  know  he  said 
something  about  triangular  and  spiral  and  figure-of-eight 
bandages.  My,  that  fellow  looks  fine!  He  has  a  broken 
arm  and  a  broken  leg  and  a  dislocated  shoulder  and  a 
fractured  jaw,  and  his  bandages  are  swell!  He  did  the 
whole  thing  by  sliding  off  his  barn  roof  last  Sunday  when 
he  was  putting  shingles  on  it.  He  says  it's  a  judgment — 
whatever  that  is." 

"Well,  for  pity's  sake,"  exclaimed  his  mother,  "Ibee, 
how  you  talk!  Do  take  a  breath!" 

"Hello,  everybody!"  said  little  Soami,  running  in. 
"How's  father?  Shesa's  fine,  Miss  Helpem  told  me.  No 
bones  broken  except  one  finger.  Shesa's  asleep  now,  and 
her  finger's  bandaged  beautifully!" 

"Father's  just  about  as  well  as  can  be  expected,  dear," 
answered  their  father.  "And  very  thankful  none  of  us  are 
hurt  worse." 

"I  don't  know,"  said  Ibee,  shaking  his  head.  "Even 
though  my  arm  aches  so,  I'd  have  liked  to  have  had  some- 
thing worth  while;  for  instance,  a  compound  fracture  of 
the  thigh.  Father's  was  only  a  simple  fracture.  In  a  com- 
pound fracture  the  broken  bone  often  comes  through  the 
skin,  I  heard  the  head  nurse  say  to  one  of  the  assistants." 

"Well,  sir,"  said  his  father,  "if  you  had  this,  you'd  find 
it  was  enough!" 

"Why,  what's  the  matter  with  the  boy?  Is  he  crazy?" 
exclaimed  his  mother.  "As  though  we  hadn't  all  had 
trouble  enough!" 


AT  THE  DOLLS'  HOSPITAL 


33 


"I  don't  think  he's  crazy,"  said  Soami.  "There's  a 
girl  in  our  ward  who  has  a  broken  nose,  and  it  looks  too 
interesting  for  anything  to  see  the  nurse  dress  it!  I  want 
to  be  a  nurse  when  I  grow  up !  Just  think  how  many  people 
one  can  help!  Why,  if  it  hadn't  been  for  the  nurses,  perhaps 
we  might — nearly  all  be  dead!" 

"Indeed  we  might,"  agreed  their  mother.  "I  don't 
know  whether  you'll  be  a  doctor,  Ibee,  or  whether  Soami 
will  be  a  nurse,  but  I  do  know  that  I'm  going  to  ask  Miss 
Bossem  if  a  class  cannot  be  formed  in  our  neighborhood  in 
which  we  can  all  learn  how  to  render  first-aid  to  the 
injured." 

"Good  for  you,  Mother,"  said  Shesa,  coming  in  at  that 
moment,  and  kissing  her  father.  "I've  just  been  talking 
with  Miss  Hclpem,  and  she  has  explained  how  to  join  the 
Preparedness  Movement,  so  that  if  we  should  have  war 
right  in  our  own  land,  or  serious  acci- 
dents, we  could  help  care  for  the 
wounded  or  injured." 

"That  brings  my  dear  Ima  to  mind. 
Oh,  I  do  hope  we'll  get  a  letter  to- 
day," said  her  mother. 

"Here's  a  postcard  just  received  for 
Master  Ibee  Brave, "said  a  nurse,  coming 
along  with  the  mail. 

"From  Ima!"  said  Ibee.  "It's  from 
New  York,  looking  at  the  postmark. 

"Read  it  out  loud!"  cried  his  mother 
how  the  dear  boy  is." 

Ibee  read: 


'Rr..M>  IT  OTT  Loco!" 


"  Lot  us  all  hear 


34  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

Dear  Folks: 

New  York  never  looked  better  to  us  than  as  we  left  for  the 
front — but  who  wouldn't  be  brave  for  the  sake  of  the  red, 
white  and  blue?  Will  write  mother  a  long  letter  as  soon  as 
time  permits. 

As  ever, 

Ima  Brave. 

"Now,  isn't  that  brave?"  exclaimed  his  mother.  "He's 
as  brave  as  Teddy  Roosevelt!" 

"It's  wonderful  to  belong  to  such  a  brave  family,"  said 
Miss  Helpem,  who  came  in  just  then  to  renew  the  dressing 
on  Mr.  Brave's  head. 


CHAPTER  V 
THE  REAL  CROSS  NURSES 

OME,"  she  added,  "this  excitement  will  never 
do  for  Mr.  Brave.  Everybody  leave  the 
room,  and  everybody  go  to  bed  and  take  a 
nap." 

"I  don't  want  to,"  began  Ibee.  "I 
want—  but  at  that  moment,  Miss  Bossem,  who  was 
passing,  came  into  the  room. 

"Why,  what  does  this  mean?"  she  asked  crisply,  gazing 
around.  "How  does  it  happen,  Miss  Helpem,  that  all 
these  people  are  in  the  invalid's  room?  Everyone  who 
comes  in  must  have  permission." 

"Well,  I  am  surprised!"  exclaimed  Mrs.  Brave.  "As 
though  I'd  have  to  ask  permission!" 

"Well,"  replied  Miss  Bossem,  in  a  very  decided  manner, 
"everybody  who  stays  in  this  hospital  must  obey  the  rules. 
Miss  Helpem,  will  you  kindly  see  that  the  children  are  put 
to  bed,  and  I  will  take  Mrs.  Brave  to  her  room." 

" I'm  no  child,"  began  Mrs.  Brave,  "I'm  an  older  woman 
than  you,  and  I've  had 

"Do  you  intend  to  risk  your  husband's  life  any  further?" 
asked  Miss  Boesem,  lifting  her  eyebrows  and  speaking  in  a 
low,  icy  tone. 

"Poor  wife—  '  began  Mr.  Brave. 

"See!"  said  Miss  Bossem.  "He's  already  too  excited 
to  rest  tonight  without  some  medicine." 


36 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


"Oh,  dear,"  whispered  Mrs.  Brave,  "I'm  so  sorry!" 
Then  aloud:  "Miss  Nurse,  I'm  real  tired.  I  think  I  need  a 
nap.  Good-bye,  dear,  I'm  going  to  my  room — you  take  a 
nap,  too." 

"Well,"  said  Miss  Bossem  to  Miss  Helpem,   "I  did 


WHT,  WHAT  DOES  THIS  MEAN?" 


succeed  in  making  Mrs.  Brave  see  how  dangerous  it  was  to 
excite  the  patient,  but  my,  I  don't  like  to  be  so  cross!" 

"I  just  had  to  be  firm  with  the  children,  too,"  replied 
the  assistant  nurse.  "But  Shesa's  a  dear,  and  has  extraor- 
dinary good  sense.  She  is  going  to  form  a  class  in  Red 
Cross  first-aid  work.': 


THE  REAL  CROSS  NURSES 


37 


"Yes,  and  we'll  give  the  instructions,"  said  Miss  Bossem; 
"that  is,  if  you  are  willing." 

"Of  course,"  answered  Miss  Helpem,  "but  what  I  meant 
to  tell  you  is  that 
Miss  Shesa  is  going 
to  form  a  class  for 
children." 

"What  a  lovely 
idea!"  exclaimed 
Miss  Bossem,  pass- 
ing on  into  the 
clinic. 


"Doctor,  I'm 
getting  quite  tired 
of  being  here," 
complained  little 
Ibee  to  Doctor 
Surecure,  when  he 
met  him  in  the  cor- 
ridor one  day  about 
three  weeks  later. 
"Of  course  it's 
dandy  to  see  so  many  banged-up  people,  but  I'm  nearly 
well.  My  arm  aches  only  on  rainy  days,  and  I  can  wiggle 
my  ringers  fine." 

"Good,"  smiled  the  doctor.  "I'm  thinking  my- 
self that  we'll  be  parting  with  some  of  the  Brave  family 
soon.  Your  mother  and  sisters  are  to  leave  us  Sat- 
urday." 


"CAN'T  I  Go,  Too,  DOCTOR?" 


38  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"Can't  I  go,  too,  Doctor?  Can't  I?"  begged  the 
little  boy. 

"Why,  that's  a  pretty  way  to  talk,"  replied  the  doctor. 
"Don't  you  like  us?" 

"Oh,  sure,"  said  Ibee,  "but  the  fellows  miss  me  a  lot, 
you  know." 

"Why,  what  will  your  poor  father  do  without  any  of 
you?"  teased  Doctor  Quickenquack,  who  happened  to  be 
passing. 

"Oh,  I'll  come  see  him  every  day,"  said  Ibee.  "He'll 
love  to  hear  all  about  home.  Can't  I  go?" 

"We'll  think  it  over,"  said  Doctor  Quickenquack. 

"And  if  we  do  decide  to  let  you  go,"  added  Doctor 
Surecure,  "you  must  promise  not  to  try  to  take  off  your 
bandage." 

"Oh,  I  promise,"  said  Ibee.  "Doctor  Quickenquack 
said  that  if  I  let  my  arm  be  in  it  long  enough,  I'd  be  able 
to  play  baseball  again;  and  besides,  I  want  to  show  it  to 
the  fellows." 

"But  you'll  not  pitch  ball  for  some  time  to  come,  young 
man,"  laughed  the  doctor. 

So  Mrs.  Brave  and  the  children  were  soon  in  their  own 
home,  leaving  poor  Mr.  Brave  in  the  hospital.  By  the 
time  Mr.  Brave  was  able  to  return,  walking  with  a  crutch, 
they  had  formed  three  first-aid  classes.  Mrs.  Brave's  was 
for  grown-up  ladies,  and  of  this  Shesa  was  a  member. 
Shesa  herself,  with  Soami  and  Ibee's  help,  had  formed  two 
others;  one  for  Boy  Scouts,  and  one  for  Camp  Fire  Girls. 


CHAPTER   VI 


LESSONS  IN  FIRST  AID 

ISS  HELPEM,"  said  the  head  nurse  to  her 
assistant,  "how  would  it  be  for  you  to  take 
charge  of  Miss  Brave's  children's  classes, 
with  her  help,  of  course?  If  you  think  well 
of  that  arrangement,  I  will  take  the  adult 


class,  and  leave  the  chil- 
dren's instructions  to 
you." 

"Nothing  could 
please  me  better,  Miss 
Bossem,"  answered  Mary 
Frances  (I  mean,  Miss 
Helpem).  "I  dearly  love 
dolls — oh,  I  meant  to 
say,  children." 

Miss  Bossem  laughed. 
"Perhaps  you'll  grow  up 
some  day,"  she  teased. 


"How  would  you  like 
to  assist  me  with  the 
children's  lessons?" 

Miss  Helpem  was 
talking  with  Shesa  Brave. 


Miss  HILPXM  WAS  TAUUNQ  WITH  SKUA 
BEAT* 

(W) 


40 THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"  Oh,  do  you  really  think  I  would  be  able  to  do  that?" 
asked  Shesa,  delighted. 

"Yes,"  answered  the  nurse,  "Miss  Bossem  and  I  feel 
quite  certain  you  can  be  a  great  help  in  showing  the  boys 
and  girls  what  you  learn  in  the  women's  class." 

"I  never  felt  so  proud  in  my  life!"  declared  the  young 
girl,  hugging  her  first-aid  kit  close  in  her  arms. 

So  it  came  about  that  when  Mary  Frances*  dolls 
gathered  together  for  their  lessons,  it  was  Mary  Frances 
herself  dressed  in  the  spotless  white  uniform,  with  the 
red  cross  on  the  arm  and  cap,  of  the  American  Red  Cross 
Society,  who  gave  their— 

FIRST  LESSON 

IN 

FIRST  AID  TO  THE  INJURED 

"Good  morning,  children,"  she  began.  "We  will 
imagine  all  kinds  of  troubles  and  accidents  this  morning, 
and  we  will  not  be  a  bit  gloomy  over 
them,  for  our  thoughts  will  all  be  on  how 
we  can  help  the  sick  and  hurt  people." 

"Please,  Miss  Helpem,  can't  I  be 
the  soldier?"  begged  Ibee  Brave. 

"And  can't  I  pretend  to  drive  the 
field  ambulance?"  asked  little  Jack. 

"And  can't  I  be  run  over?"  asked 
another  boy. 

"Mercy,    children,"   exclaimed   the 

"PLEASE,  Miss  HELPEM.  tt    i  -±  f  ^         ..- 

CAN'T  i  BE  THE  SOLDIER?"  nurse,    please  wait  for  an  explanation — 


LESSONS  IN  FIRST  AID 


41 


and  in  the  next  lesson,  I'll  assign  you  all  something  to  do. 
Now,  ready  with  your  note-books  and  pencils  to  take  down 
the  list  of  articles  needed  for  the  medicine  closet.  You  will 
learn  what  they  are  to  be  used  for  later.  Keep  the  list  and 
show  it  to  your  parents  when  you  get  home.  Now  write  as 
I  dictate: 

MEDICINE  CLOSET 

In  every  home  there  should  be  a  certain  closet  or  shelf  high  above 
little  children's  reach,  where  the  medicines  and  articles  needed  in 
emergencies  are  kept.  Among  these  should  be  found,  plainly  labeled, 
the  following:* 


1.  Tincture  of  Iodine. 

2.  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia. 

3.  Boric  Acid  Powder. 

4.  Stearate  of  Zinc. 

5.  Pure  Alcohol. 

6.  Lime  Water. 

7.  Carron  Oil. 

8.  Epsom  Salt. 

9.  Soda  Mint  and  Pepsin  Tablets. 

10.  Baking  Soda. 

11.  Household  Ammonia. 

12.  Adhesive  (Zinc  Oxide)  Plaster. 

13.  Tube  Vaseline. 

14.  Capsicum  Vaseline. 

15.  Peroxide  of  Hydrogen. 

16.  Castor  Oil. 

17.  Witch  Hazel. 

18.  Essence  of  Ginger. 

19.  Syrup  of  Ipecac. 

20.  Spirit  of  Camphor. 

21.  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre. 


22.  Boric  Acid  Ointment. 

23.  Powdered  Alum. 

24.  Borax. 

25.  Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb. 

26.  Picric  Acid  Gauze. 

27.  Aromatic  Smelling  Salts. 

28.  Oil  of  Cloves. 

29.  Normal  Salt  Solution. 

30.  Powdered  Mustard. 

31.  Essence  of  Peppermint. 

32.  Tincture  of  Arnica. 

33.  Oil  of  Turpentine. 

34.  Aseptic  Absorbent  Cotton. 

35.  Sterile  Gauze. 

36.  Triangular  Bandages. 

37.  Roller  Bandages. 

38.  Rubber  Ear  Syringe. 

39.  Fountain  Syringe. 

40.  Measuring  Glass. 

41.  Eye  Dropper. 

42.  Hot  Water  Bottle. 


*  The  full  list  of  remedies,  with  explanatory  notes,  is  given  in  the  Ready 
Reference  Liet  at  the  end  of  this  book. 


42  THE  MART  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

The  children  wrote  very  quietly  and  listened  attentively 
to  what  Miss  Helpem  told  them  about  being  prepared  for 
Ordinary  Household  Accidents,  such  as  cuts,  burns,  scalds, 
bruises,  stings,  etc. 

»•••••*• 

"Children,"  beamed  Miss  Helpem  as  they  finished 
writing  the  list,  "I  never  dreamed  you  could  be  so  interested. 
Why,  not  one  of  you  has  been  inattentive!  Now,  as  a  reward, 
I  shall  show  you  how— 

To  MAKE  A  SANITARY  DRINKING  CUP  FROM  ANT  PIECE  OP 
CLEAN  PAPER 


TRACE    THIS    PATTERN 


PRACTICE    MAK1NQ  THt  CUP 


«°; 


h 
iil 


o 

h 
Z 


'°v, 


DIP 


TRACE    TH\5    Pfll 


r 
o 

? 


To  MAKE  A  SANITARY  DHINKINO  CT 


ROM    ANY   PlEPE    OF   PAPER 


CHAPTER  VII 
SAFETY  FIRST 

E  girls  get  our  second  lesson  before  you  boys 
do!"  declared  little  Soami  to  her  brother 
Ibee  at  the  lunch  table  the  next  day. 

"I  bet  you  don't  have  as  much  fun  as 
we  do!"  answered  Ibee. 
:<What  is  the  next  lesson  about?"  asked  their  father. 
"  It's  about  Safety  First,"  replied  Ibee.     "  I  know  that." 
"Yes,"  agreed  Soami,   "but,"  glancing  at  the  clock, 
"I'll  be  late  to  class  if  I  don't  hurry.     Mother,  will  you 
excuse  me?" 

Her  mother  nodded  and  smiled,  and  Soami  left  hastily. 

"Well,  girls,"  began  Miss  Helpem,  "to-day  we  have  a 
more  serious  time,  for  we're  going  to  learn,  in  Lesson  II, 
What  to  Do  in  Case  of  Slight  Cuts  and  Pin  Pricks;  Slight 
Burns  and  Scalds;  Frost  Bites. 

"Now,  as  you  know,  almost  every  accident  could  be 
avoided  if  we  thought  ahead  far  enough;  if  we  did  not  let 
the  knife  or  needle  slip;  if  we  did  not  allow  little  children  to 
carry  scalding  hot  water  or  lighted  lamps,  or  to  play  with 
matches;  if  we  looked  up  and  down  the  street  before  cross- 
ing. Yes,  almost  all  accidents  are  avoidable  if  we  think 
far  enough  ahead— if  we  think  'Safety  First.'  " 

Miss  Helpem  paused. 

[43] 


44 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


"All  ordinary  everyday  accidents,"  she  went  on,  "if 
treated  rightly,  will  give  but  slight  trouble;  but  if  not  treated 


WELL,  GIRLS,  TO-DAY  WE  HAVE  A  MORE  SERIOUS  TIME" 


rightly  may  bring  much  suffering  to  the  victim,  and  even 
cause  'blood  poisoning'  and  death. 

"So  you  see  how  necessary  it  is  to  understand  'What 
to  Do.'  * 

"Now,  these  serious  dangers  do  not  come  from  the 
slight  accidents  themselves,  but  because  of  uncleanliness." 

Again  the  assistant  nurse  paused,  and  she  could  not 


SAFETY  FIRST  45 


help  smiling  at  the  look  of  astonishment  on  the  faces  of  her 
girl  dolls. 

"It  is  true,  girls,"  she  continued;  "cleanliness  is  the 
rarest  thing  in  the  world,  and  I  will  tell  you  why:  because 
everywhere  about  us,  in  the  dust,  in  the  air,  on  our  clothing, 
on  our  hands,  in  standing  water,  on  the  floor,  on  the  ground 
—everywhere,  even  though  we  cannot  see  them,  are 

GERMS 

These  little  living  particles  are  too  small  to  be  seen  without  a 
microscope,  but  they  cause  more  disease  and  deaths  than  any  of  the 
big  animals  you  are  afraid  of — like  lions  or  bears  or  tigers.  They 
make  great  deep  sores  out  of  little  cuts,  and  prevent  wounds  from 
healing.  So  you  can  readily  understand  how  necessary  it  is  to  keep 
all  materials  which  touch  broken  skin  perfectly  clean,  and  they  cannot 
be  clean  if  touched  by  the  hands.  Neither  is  any  material  clean  which 
has  come  in  contact  with  dust. 

Understanding  this,  your  aim  will  be  to  keep  germs  out  of  any 
wound.  If  you  do  not  have  a  first-aid  outfit,  you  should  have  on 
hand  a  small  package  of  sterile  gauze.*  Sterile  means  perfectly  free 
from  germs.  Any  cloth  which  has  been  washed  and  ironed  is  quite 
safe,  however,  if  it  has  not  been  used.  You  see.  heat  kills  germs. 
Use  next  to  the  wound  the  surface  which  has  been  folded  inside. 

Do  not  think  that  every  germ  does  evil,  for  some  germs  are  good 
— just  as  some  people  are  bad  and  some  are  good.  Indeed,  we  depend 
for  some  kinds  of  food  upon  the  action  of  certain  good  germs.  Among 
such  foods  are  cheese  and  vinegar. 

*  Sterile  gauze  is  cheesecloth  which  has  horn  so  treated  thai  it  is  frc«*  of  prnus 
and  is  very  absorbent.  It  is  sold  at  all  drup  stores.  It  should  be  kept  closely 
wrapped,  and  the  surface  should  never  be  touched  with  the  hands  before  it  is  phuvd 
on  a  wound. 

If  you  do  not  have  sterile  gauze,  keep  old  linen  or  cotton  cloth  i which  hus 
been  urIZ  washed  and  ironed]  in  glass  jars,  which  have  been  boiled  and  dried  in  the 
air  without  wiping. 


THE  MAHY  PRANCES  FIROT  AID  BOOK 


The  disease  germs  which  we  dread  most  in  cases  of  wounds  are 
the  germs  of  blood-poisoning  and  lockjaw  (or  tetanus).  They  are 
everywhere  about  us,  in  standing  water,  air,  dust.  They  cannot  do 
a  bit  of  harm  to  the  outside  of  the  body,  if  the  skin  is  unbroken 
— no  more  than  a  fly  can  do  to  the  armor  of  some  old  knight.  But  if 
they  can  enter  where  the  skin  is  broken,  they  begin  to  do  all  kinds 
of  harm,  which  sometimes  results  in  months  of  suffering  from 
"infected"  wounds,  and  sometimes  finally  causes  the  patient  to  lose 
a  leg  or  an  arm — or  perhaps  to  die. 

"We  have  spent  a  great  deal  of  time  on  the  subject 
of  germs,   children,"   continued   Miss  Helpem,    "because 
unless  you  really  understand  how  necessary 
cleanliness  is,  you  may  not  be  particular  to 
have  clean  materials." 

"And  clean  hands,"  suggested  Soami. 
"Yes,"  smiled  the  nurse,  "Soami  has 
noticed  the  nurses  at  the  hospital  washing 
their  hands  for  five  minutes  in  order  to  have 
them  truly  clean  before  attending  to  a 
dressing  on  a  patient." 

The  little  girl  looked  around  proudly  upon 
the  class. 

"Can't    we    begin    the    first-aid    games 
now?"  asked  one  of  the  group. 

"Not  yet,"  the  nurse  shook  her  head.  "Wait,  please, 
until  you  have  learned  what  to  do  for — 

SLIGHT  CUTS  AND  PIN  PRICKS 

The  bleeding  from  a  slight  cut  is  never  very  severe  and  will 
generally  stop  of  itself  in  a  short  time.  It  is  best  to  let  a  slight  cut 
bleed  a  little,  as  the  bleeding  carries  away  the  germs  which  may  have 
been  on  the  edge  of  the  knife  or  whatever  caused  the  wound. 


"AND  CLEAN 
HANDS."  SUG- 
GESTED SOAMI 


SAFETY  FIRST  47 


Treatment: 

Touch  slight  cuts  with  tincture  of  iodine;*  or  with  alcohol;  or 
vinegar  and  water,  half  and  half;  or  salt  and  water,  a  half  teaspoonful 
of  salt  to  a  cup  of  water. 

Wrap  with  clean  gauze. 

In  cases  of  severe  hemorrhage  (bleeding)  send  immediately  for 
a  doctor.  Stop  bleeding  by  using  pressure  above  or  below  wound, 
or  by  bandaging  a  gauze  compress  on  the  wound. 

Never  give  whiskey  or  alcohol  in  any  form.  It  makes  hemorrhages 
worse.  See  Reference  List. 

BURNS  AND  SCALDS 

(See  Reference  List) 

Apply  carron  oil.     See  List  of  Medicines. 

If  carron  oil  is  not  at  hand,  use  any  dressing f  to  cover  surface 
to  keep  out  the  air — as  lard,  butter,  olive  oil — or  sprinkle  with 
baking  soda,  or  cover  with  white  of  egg,  or  with  a  paste  made  of 
starch  or  flour  and  water.  Also  spread  on  compressf  some  of  the 
same  remedy  that  has  been  applied  to  the  burn.  Hold  compress  in 
place  with  a  loose  bandage. 

Solution  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  (baking  soda)  made  by  dissolving 
as  much  soda  as  possible  in  hot  water  (about  one  teaspoonful  to  a 
cup)  is  particularly  relieving  to  scalds.  Dip  cloths  into  this  and 
apply  to  the  burned  surface.  Never  remove  skin  from  blisters.  If 
blisters  are  large,  see  the  doctor. 

*  Soldiers  on  active  service  carry  iodine  to  be  applied  to  wounds  immediately, 
if  possible — to  kill  germs.  Iodine  is  a  poison  if  swallowed,  so  be  careful  not  to 
leave  it  within  the  reach  of  small  children. 

t  Important  Note. — Dressings  are  everything  applied  to  a  wounded  or  sore 
surface.  A  compress  is  the  dressing  which  is  placed  directly  upon  the  wound. 
It  is  usually  made  of  clean  new  gauze.  A  bandage  is  the  dressing  which  holds  the 
compress  (or  other  dressings)  in  place. 

Compresses  are  used  to — 

1.  Hold  medication  in  place. 

2.  Protect  sore  place. 

3.  Stop  bleeding. 


48  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

How  TO  PUT  OUT  FLAMES 

Caution. — If  your  clothing  catches  fire,  do  not  run!  Roll  (in  a  rug, 
if  possible)  on  the  floor  or  ground! 

In  putting  out  fire  on  another  person's  clothing,  use  rugs  or 
blankets.  In  throwing  a  rug  on  another  person,  be  careful  not  to 
allow  your  own  clothing  to  catch  fire.  Let  the  sufferer  lie  down  and 
roll.  Stand  in  back  of  the  rug,  and  throw  from  the  head  downward. 
If  in  a  burning  building,  creep  to  the  door  on  hands  and  knees  to 
avoid  the  smoke. 

To  AVOID  ACCIDENTS  FROM  FIRE 

1.  Children  should  not  make  bonfires  without  the  aid  of  older 
persons. 

2.  Matches  should  be  kept  out  of  reach  of  small  children. 

3.  Children  should  be  taught  to  be  careful  of  open  fireplaces. 

4.  Children  should  be  taught  to  roll  if  their  clothing  catches  fire. 
This  would  save  scores  of  lives  in  a  year. 

Safety  First.    Look  ahead!    See  the  danger  before  the  accident! 

FROST  BITES 

When  nose,  ears,  hands  or  feet  are  exposed  to  intense  cold  they 
often  become  frost-bitten,  turning  purple  at  first.  If  frozen  thor- 
oughly, they  turn  waxy  white;  then  no  pain  is  felt,  because  the  nerves 
are  frozen. 

Treatment: 

1.  Keep  patient  in  cold  room. 

2.  Do  not  warm  frozen  parts  quickly.     Instead,  rub  with  snow  or 
bathe  with  ice  water  until  a  tingling  pain  is  felt;    then  stop. 

If  frozen  parts  are  warmed  too  quickly,  "gangrene"  may  result, 
or  perhaps  the  sudden  heat  may  cause — 

CHILBLAINS 

Chilblains  are  the  result  of  too  rapid  warming  of  cold  parts, 
generally  feet  or  fingers.  Sometimes  for  yoars  after  being  frost-bitten, 


SAFETY  FIRST  49 


exposure  to  severe  cold  will  produce  itching  and  burning,  and  perhaps 
swelling  and  ulcers. 

Treatment: 

Rub  with  turpentine  or  alcohol.     The  rubbing  in  itself  is  excellent. 
See  doctor. 


CHAPTER  VIII 
PRACTICE  GAMES 

HAT  is  all  the  lecture  part  of  today's  lesson," 
smiled  Miss  Helpem.  "Now,  for  the  prac- 
tice." 

She  made  a  gesture  toward  Shesa  Brave, 
who  came  forward,  and  together  they  lifted 
before  the  class  the  tiny  medicine  cabinet  which  Mary  Fran- 
ces' Aunt  Maria  had  given  her  for  her  Dolls'  Hospital. 

"Let  me  see,"  said  Miss  Helpem.  "Yes,  we  have 
everything  here,  I  believe.  Girls,  you  may  all  come  look." 

The  dolls — I  mean,  girls — gathered  around  the  little 
glass  closet  and  compared  the  labeled  bottles  and  packages 
with  the  list  given  them  in  the  previous  lesson. 

They  were  delighted  with  the  beautiful  cleanliness  of 
the  closet — its  bright  glass  door  and  white  shelves  and 
shining  enamel  frame. 

"Now,"  continued  Miss  Helpem,  "please  divide  into 
groups  of  two.  That  will  make  five  groups.  We  will  play 
that  one  girl  in  each  group  is  the  mother,  and  the  other 
her  child.  The  child  has  cut  her  hand  while  slicing  bread. 
Mothers,  what  will  you  do?  What  will  be  your  first-aid 
treatment?  " 

Mary  Frances — I  mean,  Miss  Helpem — was  delighted 
with  the  girls'  answers  and  with  the  way  in  which  they 
sought  out  the  iodine  bottle,  and  wrapped  the  supposed 
injury  with  narrow  gauze. 

150] 


PRACTICE  GAMES 


51 


"In  the  next  practice  game,  the  'child'  acts  as  mother 
and  'mother'  as  'child,'  "'  said  the  assistant  nurse.     "This 


WRAPPED  THE  SUPPOSED  INJURY  WITH  NARROW  GAUZE 

time  the  'child's'  clothing  has  caught  fire  from  a  spark 
which  snapped  out  of  the  fireplace." 

The  girls  laughed. 

The  nurse  smiled.  ''Girls,"  she  said,  " these  games  may 
make  you  feel  like  laughing,  but  please  keep  in  mind  how 


52  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

serious  the  real  accident  would  be,  and  try  to  learn  what 
to  do.  You  will  be  so  much  better  able  to  live  useful 
lives." 

You  see,  Mary  Frances  didn't  quite  remember  that 
they  were  only  dolls.  Even  so,  they  have  served  a  very 
useful  purpose  if  they  only  teach  the  readers  of  this  book 
some  of  their  lessons. 

"Ready,  now,  for  practice,"  said  the  nurse.  "Girl 
No.  2  of  each  group  is  to  act  as  a  little  daughter  whose 
frock  has  caught  fire." 

The  girls  remembered  not  to  run,  and  "pretended"  to 
smother  out  the  flames. 

"That  was  so  well  done,"  said  Miss  Helpem,  "that  no 
one  was  severely  burned,  so  we'll  merely  have  to  treat  for 
slight  burns." 

The  "mother"  girl  from  each  group  went  to  Shesa 
Brave  for  carron  oil,  which  she  applied  on  gauze  com- 
presses to  imaginary  hurt  fingers. 

Then  they  reversed  parts  again,  and  played  the  "child" 
had  frosted  her  fingers.  The  "mother"  girls  rubbed  the 
fingers  with  imaginary  snow,  gradually  restoring  the  cir- 
culation of  the  blood  in  the  "frozen"  parts. 

Throughout  all  their  fun  the  girls  acted  in  a  serious, 
purposeful  manner. 

"I'm  not  so  certain  that  boys  would 'play  in  earnest," 
said  Miss  Helpem  to  Shesa. 

"I  think  they  would,"  replied  the  young  girl.  "I'm 
certain  Ibee  is  just  as  interested  as  Soami,"  which  pleased 
the  assistant  nurse  more  than  I  can  tell  you. 


CHAPTER  IX 
THE  HIKERS 

HE  assistant  nurse  had  very  little  time  for 
the  next  lesson  in  the  boys'  class,  so  she  gave 
them  only  notes  in  the  morning,  promising 
the  practice  games  at  four  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon.  After  telling  them  of  this  plan, 
she  began  the  lesson. 

"Probably  you  boys  have  never  thought  of  the  fact  that 
the  little  pipes  and  larger  tubes  which  carry  the  blood  may 
be  broken  under  the  skin,"  Miss  Helpem  said.  "When 
the  blood  gathers  in  dark  purplish  spots  underneath  the 
unbroken  skin,  you  have  what  is  called  a  bruise  or  contusion. 

BRUISES  (CONTUSIONS) 

(See  Reference  List) 

"Black  and  blue"  spots  which  result  from  bleeding  under  the 
skin  are  caused  by  falls  or  blows,  or  pinching  (as  in  door  or  window). 

Treatment: 

Apply  cold  water  or  ice  wrapped  in  a  cloth, or  an  ice  bag,  or  bathe 
with  half  water  and  half  alcohol,  or  witch  hazel,  or  arnica. 

If  an  arm  or  finger,  hold  up  over  the  head. 

If  severe,  after  the  pain  and  swelling  have  lessened,  use  hot  applica- 
tions, wringing  cloths  out  of  hot  water,  changing  them  as  they  cool, 
ur  u.se  a  hot-water  bag. 

For  ''black  eye,"  bathe  with  ice-cold  water,  or  use  cloths 
wrung  out  of  water  as  hot  as  can  be  borne. 

Massage  gently  for  discoloration. 

NOTE. — Never  open  a  blood  blister — apply  hot  water. 

[53] 


54  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

SPRAINS 

(See  Reference  List) 

should  be  treated  as  soon  as  possible  by  a  physician,  but  while  waiting 
for  the  doctor,  use  cold  water  applications.     If  cold  water  does  not 
relieve  the  pain  in  an  hour's  time,  try  hot  water. 
Do  not  attempt  to  use  the  sprained  joint. 

STINGS  AND  BITES  OF  INSECTS 

(See  Reference  List) 

For  stings  of  bees  and  bites  of  spiders,  apply  any  of  the  following 
list: 

Mud. 

Slice  of  onion. 

Household  ammonia. 

Paste  made  of  bicarbonate  of  soda  (baking  soda). 

Spirit  of  camphor. 

Miss  Helpem  paused.  "While  we  are  thinking  about 
insects,"  she  said,  "I  wish  to  speak  of— 

THE  FILTHY  FLIES 

If  you  could  look  at  the  bottom  of  a  fly's  foot  under 
the  microscope,  you  would  see  thousands  of  the  most  dis- 
gusting germs,  particularly  of  the  dreaded  typhoid  fever. 

Please  remember  that  it  is  far  more  important  to  pre- 
vent disease  than  to  cure — so  do  all  that  you  can  to  keep 
flies  out  of  the  house,  out  of  food,  off  the  baby's  bottle  and 
body.  Just  looking  at  this  picture  shows  you  a  little  of 
what  must  go  into  baby's  mouth  after  the  fly  has  stolen  a 
bit  of  baby's  breakfast.  How  many  of  you  promise  to  do 
everything  you  can  to  reduce  the  number  of  flies  in  this 


Tmc  HIKERS 


55 


beautiful  country  of  ours — by  destroying  them  and  by 
removing  their  breeding  places,  which  are  in  manure  piles?" 

Every  boy's  hand  shot  up. 

" Thank  you,"  smiled  the  assistant  nurse.     "I  can  see 


KKF.P   I*I,IF>  OfT  or  FOOD.  OFF  TIIF,  BABY'S  BOTTLE 

that  the  boys  of  this  class  an'  to  be  real  soldiers  of  health 
for  this  entire  community." 

"Please,  Miss  Helpem,"  said  Ibee  Brave,  "there  are 
two  more  animals  I  would  like  to  learn  something  about. 
One  is  the  mosquito,  and  the  other  is  fleas." 

The  boys  laughed. 

''Not   animals.  Ibee      insect^."  corrected   Miss 


56  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"We  will  not  have  time  to  speak  at  length  of  the  mosquito, 
for  that  would  make  a  whole  lesson  in  itself,  but  I  do  want 
to  say  that  mosquitoes  are  the  cause  of  some  of  our  worst 
diseases,  for  they  carry  disease  germs  from  one  person's 
blood  into  another's.  To  destroy  them,  kerosene  oil 
should  be  sprayed  or  sprinkled  or  poured  on  the  surface  of 
any  stagnant  water;  for  mosquito  babies  (wigglers)  live  in 
stagnant  (standing)  water.  Please  remember  this:  one 
old  tin  tomato  can  half  full  of  water  will  be  an  ample  amount 
to  supply  a  whole  neighborhood  with  young  mosquitoes  in 
a  short  time,  so  overturn  any  old  tins  you  see,  just  to  help 
in  a  good  cause." 

"Now,  Ibee,"  she  continued,  after  a  slight  pause,  "I 
will  tell  you 

How  TO  RID  A  HOUSE  OF  FLEAS 

Dust  naphtha  flakes*  all  over  the  floors.  Leave  twenty-four 
hours,  if  possible,  then  sweep  up  and  sprinkle  the  sweepings  with 
kerosene  to  destroy  the  eggs  before  throwing  away. 

"I  say,  fellows,"  sang  out  Ibee  Brave,  after  the  class  was 
dismissed,  "let's  go  on  a  hike  like  any  good  scouts.  Gee, 
I  wish  I  were  twelve  years  old,  so  I  could  be  a  boy 
scout!" 

"We  treat  you  just  as  if  you  were  one.  Let's  go  over 
to  the  river  bank,"  suggested  their  patrol  leader.  At  the 
signal,  off  they  started  over  the  hills  of  the  sand-pile 
of  Mary  Frances'  playroom,  coming  at  length  to  Painted 
River  and  Looking  Glass  Lake,  on  which  floated  the  toy 

*  May  be  bought  at  drug  store,  or  large  department  store. 


THE  HIKERS 


57 


ducks  and  swans  which  Mary  Frances'  little  friend  Eleanor 
had  given  her  for  a  Christmas  present. 

When  they  re-assembled  at  four  o'clock,  the  assistant 


"You  MUST  HAVE  HAD  GOOD  TREATMENT" 

nurse  was  surprised  at  their  appearance,  for  several  swollen 
faces  were  plastered  in  blotches  of  mud. 

"Wo  don't  need  any  practice  games,"  commented  one 
of  the  boys. 

"We  have  had  real  practical  practice,"  explained  their 
leader. 

"I  should  judge  you  had,"  said  Miss  Ilelpein,  looking 
over  the  group.  "Do  tell  me  what  happened." 

"When  we  left  here,  we  started  <>n  a  hike  tit  the  river.' 


58  THE  MABT  FRANCES  FIBST  AID  BOOK 

went  on  the  leader,  "and  after  we  had  rested  a  little 
while,  we  began  a  game  of  baseball.  Tom  Holden  was 
catcher,  and  somehow  when  he  leaned  over  to  fasten  his 


"I  HELD  MY  FINGER  IN  IT" 

shoe,  bang!  the  ball  went  into  his  eye — an  accident,  of 
course." 

"At  first  I  thought  it  had  put  my  eye  out,"  said  Tom, 
"but  the  fellows  used  'first  aid'  immediately." 

"I  never  saw  a  'black  eye'  look  better,"  praised  the 
assistant  nurse.  "You  must  have  had  good  treatment." 

"Next,"  continued  the  leader,  "I  raised  a  blood 
blister  on  my  finger,  splitting  kindling  wood  for  a  camp 
fire.  Thr  follow?  mado  some  water  hot  on  the  firo,  and  I 


THE  HIKERS  59 


held  my  finger  in  it — but  if  it  hadn't  been  that  we 
were  'first  aiders/  I  wouldn't  have  noticed  a  little  thing 
like  that." 

"And  last  of  all,"  said  Ibee  Brave,  "I  stepped  into  a 
hornets'  nest!" 

"I  can  imagine  the  rest  of  the  story,"  smiled  Miss 
Helpem.  "And  I  can  understand  why  you  haven't  clean 
faces!" 

"But  you  can't  imagine  how  grand  it  was  to  know  'what 
to  do,'  "  protested  Ibee  Brave  through  swollen  lips. 

"Well,  bo3rs,"  said  the  assistant  nurse,  "after  this  day's 
happenings,  I  think  we  will  not  need  any  practice  games. 
I'm  very  glad  nothing  really  serious  occurred,  and  that 
your  first-aid  knowledge  prevented  suffering." 

"Say,  Miss  Hclpcm,  you  wouldn't  mind  not  saying  any- 
thing to  the  other  class  about  the  things  that  happened, 
would  you?  We  might  just  pass  it  off  without  much 
explanation,  you  know." 

"I  promise  secrecy!"  laughed  the  assistant  nurse. 


CHAPTER  X 

ON  LOOKING  GLASS  LAKE 

HE  boys,  however,  forgot  that  Mary  Frances7 
girl  dolls  were  Camp  Fire  Girls,  and  "  Blue 
Birds,"  and  that  girls  as  well  as  boys  go  on 
hikes — and  meet  with  mishaps. 

The  mother  of  Soami  Brave's  chum  was 
the  Guardian  of  their  Camp  Fire.  The  very  afternoon  that 
the  boys  wrerit  hiking,  she  took  the  girls  of  the  first-aid 
class  for  a  boat  ride  on  Looking  Glass  Lake.  They 
didn't  happen  to  meet  any  of  the  boys,  however. 

The  sun  shone  very  brightly  into  the  playroom  window, 
a  beam  falling  radiantly  upon  Looking  Glass  Lake  and 
reflecting  brightly  upon  the  faces  of  the  happy  boating 
party. 

" Isn't  this  lovely!"  sighed  Soami,  as  they  drifted  under 
the  shade  of  a  Christmas  cedar  tree  which  Mary  Frances 
had  planted  on  the  edge  of  the  lake. 

"Isn't  it,  though!"  said  Angie,  her  little  chum;  "only 
isn't  the  sun  hot,  Mother!" 

"It  certainly  is,  dear,"  agreed  her  mother.  "I  didn't 
realize,  or  I  would  have  told  you  to  powder  your  faces  to 
prevent  sunburn." 

"Why,  Mother!"  exclaimed  Angie,  "you  have  always 
disapproved  of  face  powder,  and  here  you  are  recom- 
mending powder!" 

[60] 


ON  LOOKING  GLASS  LAKE 


61 


"I  know,"  laughed  her  mother,  "but  I  refer  to  toilet  or 
talcum  powder,  a  coat  of  which  might  prevent  sunburn. 


THE  LITTLE  PARTY  SOON  SCATTERED  TO  PICK  WILD  FLOWERS 

As  it  is  now,  you  girls  will  probably  have  to  ask  Miss 
Helpem's  advice." 

"Our  class  meets  to-morrow  morning,"  said  Soami. 
" Isn't  that  good!" 

By  this  time  the  little  party  had  beached  the  boat  on 
the  shore  and  soon  scattered  to  pick  wild  flowers. 


62 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


At  the  sound  of  "Wohelo,"  the  girls  gathered  for  their 
homeward  trip. 

"My,  how  my  hand  and  arm  burn  and  itch,"  exclaimed 
one  of  the  girls,  scratching  her  arm. 

"Oh,  perhaps  that  is  plant  poison!"  cried  Soami.     "Do 

you  know  poison  ivy 
when  you  see  it?" 

"No,"  the  girl  re- 
plied. "What  does 
it  look  like?" 

"My  big  brother, 
Ima,  explained  it 
this  way  to  me," 
replied  Soami: 


POISON  IVY 
This  vine  runs  along 
the   ground   and  climbs 
trees  in  just  the    same 
way    as    the     beautiful 
Virginia  Creeper,     it  is 
quite    readily    distin- 
guished,    however,     for 
Poison  Ivy  has  but  three 
leaves  in  a  cluster,  while 
Virginia  Creeper  has  five_ 
leaves. 
The  poison  rash  is  caused  by  the  irritating  juices  of  the  plant. 


"  MY,  How  MY  HAND  AND  ARM  BURN  AXD  ITCH  ' 


"My,    I    wish    I'd    known    that   when   gathering   my 
flowers,"  sai<l  another  girl.     "I  really  believe  I've  gathered 


ON  LOOKING  GLASS  LAKE 


ivy? 


said  Soami.     "Please  throw  it  over- 


some  poison  ivy  among  them.      Look,  is  this  the 
It  has  three  leaves." 

"It  certainly  is, 
board.  You  may 
have  a  case  of  ivy 
poison  'for  fair,' 
though  not  every- 
body 'takes'  poi- 
son. May  be  you'll 
be  lucky." 

"I  sincerely 
hope  so,"  said  the 
girl  so  fervently 
that  everybody 
laughed. 

"Well,  any- 
how, don't 
scratch!"  warned 
the  Guardian  of 
the  Fire. 

But  the  next 
morning's  class 
hour  revealed  the 
result  of  the  day's 
adventures.  Two 
girls  came  with 
bad  cases  of  plant 
poison,  and  nearly  every  girl  had  been  sunburned. 

"Well,  well,"  said  the  assistant  nurse,  when  the  girls 
told  of  their  experiences.      "Although  I'm  sorry  for  you, 


:TT  HAS  THRF.K  LEAVES" 


64  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

this  is  really  very  interesting,  for  it  will  make  you  girls  see 
the  real  helpfulness  of  our  lessons.  You  can  very  soon 
relieve  each  other  of  your  unpleasant  skin  irritations,  for 
I  shall  give  you  notes  on  what  to  do  for— 

SUNBURN 

(See  Reference  List) 

Sunburn  is  the  result  of  exposure  to  the  direct  or  reflected  rays 
of  the  sun,  sometimes  causing  the  skin  to  blister  and  peel. 

To  Prevent: 

Before  exposure,  spread  over  the  face  and  arms,  cold  cream  or 
any  grease  at  hand — even  cream  off  milk;  or  use  toilet  powder. 

Keep  the  head  covered,  but  have  air  space  between  the  top  of  the 
hat  and  top  of  head. 

Treatment: 

Never  wash  sunburn. 

Never  open  the  blisters. 

Mix  a  lotion  of  one  part  limewater  to  three  parts  olive  oil  (sweet 
oil),  and  apply. 

You  see,  the  treatment  is  very  much  the  same  as  for  burns. 

PLANT  POISONING 

(See  Reference  List) 

Poison  Ivy  and  a  few  other  plants  cause  a  rash  upon  the  skin 
after  contact  with  their  irritating  juices.  Everyone  should  learn  to 
distinguish  poison  ivy,  which  has  three  leaves,  not  five,  as  has  the  Virginia 
Creeper  (see  picture  in  this  chapter).  If  this  poisonous  plant  were 
recognized  and  avoided,  there  would  be  but  few  cases  of  plant  poisoning. 

Treatment: 

Do  not  scratch. 

Mop  on  rash  a  saturated  solution  of  Epsom  salt,  or  boric  acid, 


ON  LOOKING  GLASS  LAKE  65 

or  baking  soda,*  with  a  small  "sponge"  of  absorbent  cotton,  which 
is  to  be  thrown  away  after  using.     Allow  application  to  dry  in  the  air. 

PRICKLY  HEAT 

Prickly  Heat  is  an  itching  redness  of  the  skin  caused  from  over- 
heating the  body.  It  appears  oftenest  on  babies;  sometimes  on  older 
people  whose  skin  is  very  sensitive. 

Treatment: 

Bathe  with  a  pure  soap,  as  Castile. 

Then  bathe  with  a  mixture  of  one  part  alcohol  to  three  parts  water. 

Dust  with  talcum  powder. 

HIVES  (NETTLE  RASH) 

These  itching  lumps,  which  resemble  mosquito  bites,  usually 
indicate  stomach  or  intestinal  trouble.  They  seem  to  appear  after 
exposure  to  first,  extreme  heat;  then,  to  sudden  chill.  Sometimes 
they  are  caused  by  certain  foods;  as  fish  or  berries. 

Treatment: 

For  the  itching,  rub  with  table  salt. 

Give  a  cathartic.     Citrate  of  magnesia  is  excellent. 

Then  give  a  half-teaspoon  table  salt  twice  a  day  for  iwo  or  three 
days. 

An  old-fashioned  home  remedy  is  one-quarter  teaspoonful  cream 
of  tartar  in  one-quarter  glass  of  water  three  times  a  day,  at  morning, 
noon  and  evening,  for  three  days. 

If  hives  persist,  see  doctor. 

"Did  you  have  it  nil  planned  to  give  us  this  lesM>n, 
Miss  Helpem?"  asked  Soami  Brave,  while  the  girls  bathed 
their  sunburned  faces  as  directed,  and  treated  the  poison 
ivy  rash  with  the  Epsom  salt  solution. 

*To  MAKE  A  SATTI:ATKI>  Soi.m<>N 
*Stir  into  a  small  amount  of  boil*'<l  water,  all  that  can  be  dissolved. 


66  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"Do  you  really  want  to  know?"  asked  the  assistant 
nurse. 

"Please  tell  us,"  they  begged. 

"Well,  to  tell  the  truth,"  replied  Miss  Helpem,  "your 
needs  seemed  to  require  this  lesson  so  much — that  I  didn't 
have  to  invent  a  game  at  all — I  just  put  you  into  practical 
practice." 

"By  the  way,  Miss  Helpem,"  suggested  Angie,  "would 
you  mind  not  telling  the  boys'  class  about  what  happened?" 

"I  promise  secrecy,"   said  Miss  Helpem.      The  girls 
wondered  why  she  and  Shesa  Brave  laughed  so  heartily— 
they  didn't  know  that  the  boys  had  been  given  the  same 
promise. 


CHAPTER  XI 


Two  BOYS  ARE  LATE 

WO  boys  were  absent  when  the  class  met  for 
the  next  lesson. 

"How   disappointed   I   am,"   said   Miss 
Hclpcm.     "This  is  the  first  time  anyone  has 
missed  a  lesson." 
"Perhaps   Tom   and   Jim   will   come   late,"   suggested 
Ibec  Brave,  and  just  as  he  spoke  steps  were  heard. 

Ibee  opened  the  door  and  in  came  the  two  boys.  Jim 
was  holding  a  handkerchief  to  his  nose,  which  was  bleeding 
profusely. 

"He  didn't  want  to  come  in,"  explained  Tom  to  the 
nurse,  "but  I  told  him  you  could  make  it  stop.  He  said 
he  didn't  believe  so,  for  he'd  tried  everything.  He  kept 
saying  he  ought  to  lie  down,  and  I  kept  saying  he  ought  to 
sit  up  to  keep  the  blood  from  flowing  so  easily." 

Tom  stopped  to  take  a  breath.  You  see  he  had  great 
confidence  in  Miss  Helpem's  first-aid  help  ever  since  his 
experience  with  his  "black  eye." 

"You  were  right,  Tom,"  said  Miss  Hclpcm,  showing 
Jim  to  a  scat  before  the  class.  "If  you  do  not  mind,  Jim, 
I  will  give  the  boys  their  lesson  now  on  what  to  do  for— 

NOSEBLEED 

(See  Reference  Lid) 
1.  Sit  patient  upright. 
'J.  Kaiso  arm  on  blooding  side. 


68 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


3.  Wrap  neck  and  forehead  with  towels  dipped  in  cold  water. 

4.  Sniff  ice  water  and  salt  up  nostrils.     One-half  teaspoon  salt 
to  a  glass  of  water. 

5.  Place  a  piece  of  ice  under  the  upper  lip.     Hold  ice,  wrapped 
in  cloth,  on  the  bridge  of  the  nose. 

6.  If  bleeding  still  continues,  use  a  small  piece  of  absorbent  cotton 

as  a  wedge  or  plug  or  cork. 
Fasten  a  thread  to  the  cot- 
ton— to  be  used  to  remove 
it.  Dip  it  into  peroxide  of 
hydrogen,  and  push  gently 
into  bleeding  nostril  with  a 
pencil. 

Shesa  Brave 
brought  the  articles 
needed  as  Miss  Helpem 
worked,  and  in  a  very 
few  seconds  after  the 
nurse  had  used  the 
cotton  wedge,  Jim's 
nose  stopped  bleeding. 
It  was  an  excellent 
lesson  for  the  boys, 
who  didn't  realize  that 
the  next  day  they 
would  only  be  dolls, 
whose  noses  may  break, 

but  not  bleed.     Still,  if  you  can  remember  what  to  do,  those 

dolls  will  never  mind. 

After  Jim  took  his  usual  place  Miss  Helpem  continued 

the  lesson. 


JIM  WAS  HOLDING  A  HANDKERCHIEF  TO 
His  NOSE 


Two  BOYS  ARE  LATE  69 

"Let  me  see,"  she  said,  "I  think,  after  nosebleed,  per- 
haps the  next  most  common  complaints  are  earache  and 
toothache  and  a  few  other  little  aches. 

Now,  as  to — 

EARACHE 

(See  Reference  List) 

This  dreadful  pain  is  generally  caused  by  hardening  of  the  wax  in 
the  ear  from  cold.      To  prevent  wax   from    hardening,    use    a    little 
common  red  (unbleached)  vaseline  in  the  ear. 
Treatment: 

Hold  ear  over  a  cloth  wrung  out  of  hot  water  on  which  is  sprinkled 
some  pure  alcohol. 

With  a  medicine  dropper,  drop  into  ear  some  warm  olive  oil;  or 
saturate  a  small  piece  of  absorbent  cotton  with  the  warm  olive  oil, 
and  place  in  ear — cover  with  dry  cotton. 

(Mothers  often  use  one  drop  of  laudanum  in  the  olive  oil,  but 
laudanum  is  too  dreadful  a  poison  for  children  to  handle.) 

For  watery  discharge  after  earache,  it  is  best  to  see  a  doctor, 
but  a  sprinkling  of  boric  acid  in  the  ear  will  usually  relieve  the  trouble. 

If  earache  recurs  often,  see  the  doctor. 

FOR    INSECT   IX    THE    EAR 

Drown  insect  by  filling  ear  with  warm  olive  oil. 
(Mothers  sometimes  pour  a   little,   pure   alcohol 
into  the  ear  to  drown  and  shrink  insect.) 

FOR  "SOMETHING"  IN  THE  EYE 

1.  Wink — do  not  rub. 

2.  Hold  upper  lid  over  under  lid,  and  blow  oppo- 
site nostril. 

Remember  that  almost  always  an  object  in  the  eye  will  work 
itself  out  if  the  eye  is  kept  closed. 

Wash  the  eye  with  boric  acid  solution  in  an  eye-cup.* 

*  To  use  an  eye-cup,  611  it  about  three-quarters  full;  hold  it  over  the  eye  while 
bending  the  head  forward.  Throw  head  back,  holding  cup  over  eve,  and  open  and 
abut  eve  several  times. 


70  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

TOOTHACHE 

As  soon  as  possible  see  a  dentist.  There  would  be  but  little 
toothache  if  children  were  taken  in  time  to  a  good  dentist.  This 
applies  even  to  first  teeth,  for  if  first  teeth  are  neglected,  the  second 
teeth  are  affected. 

Treatment: 

If  the  tooth  feels  long,  with  a  throbbing  pain,  there  is  trouble 
with    the    nerve.     Paint    gum    with   iodine,    being   careful    not   to 
swallow  any.     For  painting,  use  a  small  ball  of  cotton 
twisted  or  tied  fast  to  the  end  of  a  toothpick.     Never 
dip  the  used  cotton  back  into  the  iodine. 

If  the  tooth  aches,  look  for  a  cavity,  clean  out 
the  cavity  with  a  toothpick. 

Fill  cavity  with  absorbent  cotton  wet  with  essence 
of  peppermint  or  red  pepper  water  or  oil  of  cloves,  and 
cover  with  dry  cotton. 

SPLINTERS 

Be  careful  not  to  break  splinter;   pull  it  out  from 
TOOTHACHE       direction  in  which  it  entered. 

If  no  end  appears  above  the  skin,  open  the  skin 
with  a  needle,  but  dip  the  needle  into  alcohol  first  to  kill  germs. 

Every  medicine  closet  should  contain  a  splinter  extractor  or 
tweezers.  They  cost  from  five  to  ten  cents. 

HICCOUGH 

Hiccough  is  usually  caused  by  indigestion. 
Treatment: 

A  few  soda-mint  tablets  are  generally  helpful. 

Xino  or  more  swallows  of  water  without  breathing  is  a  good  old- 
fatihionod  remedy.  .So,  also,  is  holding  a  deep  breath. 

If  hiccough  continues,  mothers  usually  give  children  a  cup  of  warm 
water  in  which  is  dissolved  a  half  teaspoon  mustard  powder — to  cause 
the  child  to  "throw  up"  whatever  is  causing  trouble  in  the  stomach. 


Two  BOYS  ARE  LATE  71 

"Now,  I  sec  some  of  you  shuddering,"  laughed  the 
nurse,  "and  no  one  can  blame  you,  but  sometimes  hiccough 
becomes  very  serious,  and  it  is  better  to  take  the  nasty  dose 
of  mustard  water  than  to  endanger  the  heart's  action  from 
hiccoughing.  But  just  to  console  you,  I  will  give  some 
hints  as  to — 

How  TO  STOP  NAUSEA  (SICK  STOMACH) 

Cracked  ice*  held  in  the  mouth,  and  allowed  to  melt  slowly  is 
excellent. 

Soda  mint  is  good. 

CHILLS 

Chills  usually  show  that  a  person  is  going  to  be  ill.  See  a 
doctor. 

Never  cool  off  suddenly.  Do  not  sit  down  in  a  cool,  breezy  place 
when  in  a  perspiration.  It  is  very  dangerous  and  has  caused  many  a 
person  to  "catch  his  death  of  cold." 

If  a  person  becomes  chilled  from  exposure: 

1.  Use  hot-water  bags  (or  stones  or  bricks,  heated  in  the  oven) 
or  hot  stove  lids  or  flatirons,  covered  with  paper  or  cloth  to  prevent 
burning  the  patient.     Place  them  under  the  arms  and  at  the  feet. 

2.  Rub  the  patient's  limbs  toward  the  body. 
.'{.  Give  hot  coffee  or  tea  or  hot  lemonade. 

t.   Keep  well  wrapped. 

.">.  (live  a  hot  foot  bath  in  xvhk-h  is"  a  teaspoonful  powdered 
mustard. 

b'.   \Yrap  in  blanket  and  put  to  bed. 


*  An  easy  way  to  crack  ice  is  to  place  a  piece  ahout  the  size  of  your  fi?t  in  a 
strong  piece  of  cloth,  and  hammer  it  into  bit-;. 

To  keep  ice  chips,  lay  a  piece  of  wool  flannel  OVIT  n  5:11.1!!  sieve,  and  place  the 
chipped  ice  on  this,  allowing  it  to  drain  info  a  !>u\vl  \\rap  the  t!.tnn«-!  over  (iit- 
!»•!•  This  keep?  the  ^artn  air  o'i(  fn-'m  ihc  ice.  airJ  the  r'.'M  air  in 


72  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

FAINTING 

(See  Reference  List) 

Fainting  is  caused  when  too  small  an  amount  of  blood  flows  to 
the  head. 

To  Prevent: 

Oftentimes,  bending  the  head  forward  until  between  the  knees, 
spreading  knees  apart,  prevents  a  person  from  fainting,  for  the  blood 
then  flows  to  the  head. 

To  restore  a  person  who  has  fainted: 

Keep  people  away.    Patient  needs  air. 

Lay  patient  flat  on  floor  with  no  pillow,  having  fresh  air  in  room. 
Fan  patient. 

Loosen  clothing  about  neck. 

Hold  household  ammonia  or  smelling  salts  to  nose. 

Dash  a  little  cold  water  in  face. 

Coffee  may  be  given  after  patient  recovers  consciousness. 

"That  is  all  the  lesson  for  to-day,"  said  the  assistant 
nurse,  "and  you've  all  been  so  attentive  that  I  would  like 
to  give  you  a  reward." 

"I  don't  think  that  we  need  any  reward,  Miss  Helpem," 
said  Tom  Holden,  "when  you've  done  so  much  for  us  all, 
already.  Gee,  you  make  me  feel  like  being  a  doctor  when 
I  grow  up!" 

"I  hope  not  all  of  you  feel  that  way,"  laughed  Miss 
Helpem.  "A  doctor  in  a  town  full  of  doctors  would  have 
a  difficult  time  making  a  living." 

"That's  not  true  of  first-aiders  though,"  said  Tom. 


CHAPTER 
PLANS 


0  firecrackers,  and  no  toy  pistols!"  exclaimed 
Ibee  Brave  to  his  Sister  Soami,  when  she 
told  him  about  the  lesson  given  the  girls'  class 
the  day  before.  "That's  all  right  for 
girls,  but  I  can't  imagine  boys  on  the 
glorious  Fourth  without  firecrackers  and  pistols!" 

'You  wait  until  you  hear  what  Miss  Helpem  told  us. 


Your  lesson  comes  this  afternoon,  doesn't  it 
change  your  mind,"  prophesied  Soami. 

"Pooh!"  exclaimed  Ibee.     "I  bet  I  don't! 
of  a  fellow  would  I  be,  with  a  brother 
off   with    the    troops   in  Mexico,  if  I 
were  afraid  of  a  toy  pistol!" 

"  Oh,  dear  me,"  laughed  Soami, "  you 
don't  understand.  It's  not  the  pistol 
you  ought  to  be  afraid  of;  it's— 


You  ma 


What  kind 


"Oh,  say,  talk  sense,  can't  you?" 
exclaimed  Ibcc.  "What  are  you  driv- 
ing at,  anyhow?" 

'That's  all  for  the  present,  class," 
replied  Soami.  tantalizingly,  as  she  ran 
off  with  Angie,  who  had  just  appeared. 

Ibee  decided  to  hunt  up  Tom  Ilolden  before  going  to 
class,  to  find  out  what  he  knew.  But  Tom  hadn't  heard 
miythiug  about  the  question. 


74  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID 


"I  don't  see  any  harm  in  a  few  proper  celebra- 
tions," said  Tom.  "What's  Miss  Helpem's  idea,  I 
wonder?" 

By  the  time  the  class  assembled  all  the  boys  had  heard 
something  about  "Miss  Helpem's  Fourth  of  July  idea," 
and  there  was  an  unusual  air  of  expectancy  as  the  assistant 
nurse  came  into  the  class  room  carrying  —  what  do  you 
think?  —  a  toy  pistol,  a  bunch  of  tiny  firecrackers,  a  bunch 
of  medium-sized  firecrackers,  and  some  "giant  cannon" 
crackers.  Of  course,  they  were  very  tiny,  just  the  right 
size  for  Mary  Frances'  dolls.  The  "cannon"  crackers 
were  like  the  tinest  real  ones  you  ever  saw. 

Miss  Helpem  had  just  laid  them  all  on  the  little  glass 
table  near  the  little  glass  medicine  closet,  when  Shesa 
Brave  came  in  carrying  a  little  cannon  —  which  would 
really  "go  off,  if  loaded." 

The  boys  certainly  were  surprised,  for  they  thought  they 
were  to  hear  these  very  toys  condemned. 

"Good  afternoon,  boys,"  smiled  Miss  Helpem,  straight- 
ening her  cap.  "This  is  to  be  a  very  interesting  lesson.  It's 
our  Fourth  of  July  lesson,  even  though  the  Fourth  doesn't 
come  until  next  Tuesday.  I  hope  we  are  all  going  to  have 
a  grand  time  on  the  Fourth.  The  girls'  class  have  planned 
their  part  in  the  town  event.  Doctor  Surecure  is  in  charge, 
you  know.  He  is  planning  a  civic  and  patriotic  celebration. 
I  shall  ask  Miss  Shesa  to  read  you  the  program.  You  will 
notice  that  your  space  is  left  blank.  That  is,  left  open  so 
that  we  may  fill  it  in  to-day.  Now,  Shesa,  read  if  you 
please." 

Shesa  read  the  — 


PLANS  75 

PROGRAM  FOR  FOURTH  OF  JULY  CELEBRATION 

10.00  A.  M.     Bugle  Call  to  Village  Green. 

10.05  A.  M.     Music  by  Town  Band. 

10.10  A.  M.     Reading  of  Declaration  of  Independence. 

By  the  Mayor. 

10.20A.M.     Flag  Raising.     Singing:   "Star  Spangled  Banner." 
10.30  A.  M.     Parade  Assembles. 
11.00  A.  M.     Parade  Moves: 

1.  Up  Main  Street. 

2.  Through  River  Avenue. 

3.  Along  Lake  Drive. 

4.  Down  Main  Street  to  Village  Green. 

Order  of  Parade: 

1.  Master  of  Ceremonies  on  Horseback. 

2.  Town  Council  on  Horseback. 

3.  Hearus  Band. 

•J.  The  Red,  White  and  Blue. 

Borne  by  Six  Boy  Scouts. 

.").  The  Boy  Scouts. 

(Who  will  arrange  their  own  program.) 

G.  Float: 

Camp  Fire  Girls. 
7.  The  Spirit  of  70. 
S.  Float: 

Our  Veterans. 
0.  Float: 

The  Spirit  of  1010. 

10.  Floats: 

First  Aiders: 
(a)  Girls. 
(6)  Boys. 

1 1.  Future  Citizens: 

Babv  Parade. 


76  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

12.  Float: 

Our  Hope. 

School  House,  over  which  the  Dove  of  Peace  hovers 
with  outstretched  wings,  just  under  the  American 
Flag. 

Decorated  Dollsmobiles. 
(Best  to  be  awarded  a  silver  cup.) 

Intermission. 

2.00  P.  M.    Bugle  Call  to  Village  Green. 
2.05  P.  M.     Music  by  Hearus  Band. 

Reading  of  Lincoln's  Address  at  Gettysburg. 

By  the  Mayor. 
2.15  P.  M.     (a)  Work  Horse  Parade. 

(6)  Pony  Parade. 
3.00  P.  M.     Prizes  Awarded. 
3.15  P.  M.     Singing — "America." 
3.30  P.  M.     Races: 

1.  Sack  Race. 

2.  Three-legged  Race. 

(By  girls  and  boys.) 

3.  Hurdle  Race. 

4.  Fencing  Contest. 

(Between  two  boys.) 

5.  Flag  Drill. 

By  Boy  Scouts 

and 

Blue  Birds. 

4.30  P.  M.     Music — Hearus  Band. 
5.00  P.  M.     Regatta  on  Looking  Glass  Lake. 

In  the  evening,  fireworks  will  be  set  off  on  the  Village  Green  in 
front  of  Town  Hall. 

Music  by  Hearus  Band. 


PLANS  77 

Notice  to  the  Public. 

It  will  be  unlawful  to  use  firecrackers  and  toy  pistols  or  blank 
cartridges.  By  order  of  the  Town  Council. 

Signed  by  THE  MAYOR. 

"Some  program!"  commented  Tom  Holdcn. 

"But  why  not  let  us  have  firecrackers  and  toy  pistols?" 
asked  Ibec  Brave. 

"Yes, Miss  Helpem,why  not?"  asked  half  a  dozen  voices. 

"I  am  prepared  for  that  question,"  smiled  the  assistant 
nurse.  "If  you  will  kindly  open  your  note-books,  I  think 
by  the  end  of  this  lesson  you  will  understand  that  it  is  not 
because  anyone  wishes  to  deny  you  fun  that  you  are  asked 
not  to  use  these  little  toys,"  pointing  to  the  table,  "but 
because — well,  after  you  have  heard  the  lesson,  I  think  you 
will  know  something  about  the  danger  from— 

GUNPOWDER  WOUNDS 

Gunpowder  is  not  antiseptically  clean.  It  is  very  dirty  because 
it  contains  so  many  of  the  deadly  germs  of  lockjaw. 

This  germ  has  such  a  terrible  effect  upon  the  body  that  if  not 
destroyed  in  time,  it  causes  the  jaws  to  lock  so  tightly  together  that 
they  cannot  be  forced  open.  Gradually  the  patient  starves  to  death 
and  finally  dies  in  terrible  convulsions  of  pain. 

Toy  pistols,  firecrackers,  blank  cartridges,  being  loaded  with 
gunpowder  are  very  dangerous  playthings,  and  their  use  should  be 
discouraged.  Any  physician  or  nurse  will  tell  you  that  the  hospitals 
have  many  deaths  from  tetanus  (lockjaw)  after  the  Fourth  of  July. 

WHAT  TO  Do  KOR  POWDER  WOUNDS 

See  a  doctor. 

Absolutely  every  wound  of  this  character  mufl  be  treated  with 
anti-tetanic  serum. 

If  doctor  is  not  seen  immediately,  paint  with  iodine  and  anoint 
with  vaseline:  but  the  doc-tor  must  be  seen. 


78 


"We  never  understood  the  dangers  before,  Miss  Helpem. 
Now,  what  will  we  have  in  that  parade?"  spoke  up  the 
scout  patrol  leader. 

"We  need  decide  only  about  the  float  of  the  first- 
aiders,"  said  Miss  Helpem.  "Your  scout-master  will 
confer  with  you  scouts  as  to  the  other  part  of  the  program." 

"Oh,  yes,"  rejoined  the  patrol  leader;  "but,  Miss 
Helpem  and  Miss  Shesa,  have  you  thought  out  anything 
for  our  first-aiders'  float?" 

"To  confess  the  truth,"  laughed  the  nurse,  "I  think 
Miss  Shesa  has  no  less  than  twenty  ideas.  Will  you  make 
a  few  suggestions  to  the  boys?"  turning  to  her. 

"Miss  Helpem  has  more  ideas  in  a  minute  than  I  have 
in  an  hour,"  began  Shesa,  "but  she  thought  one  of  my 
ideas  good.  It  seemed  to  me  that  you  boys  might  fix  up 
an  improvised  first-aid  tent  on  your  float,  leaving  it  on  the 
Village  Green  after  the  parade.  In  case  any  real  accident 
occurred,  Miss  Helpem  could  have  at  hand  everything  she 
needed — for  somebody  might  be  foolish  enough  to  get  hurt. 
Then  you  could  really  do  a  little  actual  service  by  being 
at  her  call." 

"It  sounds  wonderfully  important,"  said  the  patrol 
leader. 

"Only  I  do  wish  you  boys  had  had  some  lessons  in 
bandaging,"  commented  Miss  Helpem.  "But  we'll  all  do 
our  best,  anyway,  and  look  forward  with  pleasure  to  those 
lessons." 

"Why  couldn't  we  have  a  little  chap  all  bandaged  up, 
with  that  toy  cannon  at  his  feet  and  a  string  of  firecrackers 
and  a  toy  pistol  in  his  hands,  with  a  printed  card  on  him 


PLANS 


79 


saying,  'I  used  these  toys  on  the  Fourth/  and  another  little 
perfectly  well  chap  all  dressed  in  bunting,  carrying  a  flag 


"THAT'S  A  FINE  IDEA" 

and  holding  a  horn,  bearing  a  sign,  'I  didn't'?"  asked  the 
patrol  loader. 

"That's  a  fine  idea,"  said  Ibee  Brave,  "but  where  do 
we  come  in?" 

"We?  Oh,  we—  '  the  patrol  leader  answered  so  lamely 
that  everybody  laughed. 


80  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"I  can  tell  you,  boys,  a  good  way  to  be  better  pre- 
pared for  important  work,"  said  Miss  Helpem.  "If  you 
are  willing  to  take  two  more  lessons  before  the  Fourth,  I 
feel  quite  certain  Miss  Shesa  will  show  you  the  simplest 
first-aid  bandages.  She  has  been  taking  a  full  course  in 
first-aid  at  the  hospital,  you  know.  Then,  on  the  float, 
you  may  adjust  bandages  to  each  other." 

"That's  awfully  kind  of  Miss  Shesa,"  said  the  leader. 
"Will  all  you  fellows  come?" 

Everybody  said  yes,  and  the  class  was  dismissed. 

"Say,  I  wonder  what  the  girls  are  going  to  do,"  ex- 
claimed Tom  Holden  suddenly  on  the  way  home. 

"That's  so !  I  wonder  why  we  didn't  ask? "  said  another 
boy. 

"I'll  try  to  find  out,"  said  Ibee  Brave. 


CHAPTER  Xin 
A  SAXE  FOURTH  OF  JULY 

OAMI,  what  are  the  girls  going  to  do  in  the 
parade — on  your  float,  I  mean?"  asked 
Ibee,  yawning  sleepily,  as  he  stretched  out 
in  a  steamer  ehair  near  the  hammock  in 
which  Soami  rocked  on  the  porch  of  the 
Brave  family's  cottage. 

"Just — as — though — I'd — tell — you,"  yawned  Soami  in 
imitation  of  Ibee's  manner. 

"Say,  go  on,  tell  me,  won't  you?"  said  Ibee.      "I'll 
tell  you  a  little  about  ours  if  you  do." 

'Yum,  yum,"  sang  Soami.     "I  might  possibly  tell  you 
a  little— you  tell  first." 

"Has  Shesa  anything  to  do  with  your  plans?  "  asked  Ibee. 

"Oh,  so  she's  going  to  give  you  lessons  in  bandaging, 

too!"  exclaimed  Soami,  realizing  the  next  instant  that  she 

had  given  a  secret  away,  but  the  "cat  was  out  of  the  bag." 

Then  Ibee  began  to  laugh.      "Caught  you  this  time, 

Sister,"  he  teased.     "Shesa  wouldn't  give  me  a  hint." 

"Anyhow,  I  think  you  were  awful!"  said  Soami.     "I'll 
watch  out  for  you  after  this." 

'Tell  me  more?     Please  do,"  begged  I  boo,  but  Soami 
had  gone  indoors  where  she  felt  safer. 

Shesa  Brave   taught   the   boys  and   girls  so  well   that 
within  the  week  they  were  quite  familiar  with  the  use  of— 

[si  I 


82  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

TRIANGULAR  BANDAGES 

Bandages  cut  in  the  form  of  triangles  are  the  most  useful  first- 
aid  bandages,  for  they  are  very  readily  adjusted,  and  may  be  applied 
to  so  many  different  uses;  for  instance: 

To  hold  dressings  (compresses)  in  place. 

To  support  broken  or  fractured  parts  of  the  body  (sling). 

We  will  have  on  hand  for  our  uses: 

One  large  triangular  bandage,  made  from  a  piece  of  unbleached 
muslin  one  yard  square. 

Cut  the  muslin  across  diagonally,  as  shown  in  "A." 

Two  smaller  triangular  bandages,  made  by  cutting  a  large  triangular 
bandage  across  as  in  "B." 

Of  course  any  piece  of  goods  may  be  used  for  a  bandage,  even 
handkerchiefs  or  torn  clothing;  but  we  are  speaking  about  the  best 
kind  of  bandages  to  have  ready  for  use. 

NOTE.  —  For  triangular  bandage  for  doll  twenty-one  inches  high,  cut  a  piece 
of  soft  muslin  or  lawn  sixteen  inches  square.  Cut  across  diagonally  for  one  large 
triangular  bandage.  To  make  the  small  triangular  bandage,  cut  across  the 
remaining  triangular  piece. 

Triangular  bandages  are  used — 

1.  Unfolded. 

2.  Folded. 

When  the  triangular  bandage  is  repeatedly  folded  on  itself  it 
becomes  the  "cravat"  bandage. 

The  triangular  bandage,  either  unfolded  or  folded,  may  be  used 
on  any  part  of  the  body.  The  smaller  triangles  are  used  for  the  hands 
and  feet  and  the  jaw. 

NOTE. — In  the  ready-made  first-aid  packets  will  be  found  a  tri- 
angular bandage,  on  which  are  printed  sketches  of  the  manner  in  which 
the  bandage  is  applied. 

You  may  see  how  these  bandages  are  used  by  looking 
at  the  picture  (page  83)  of  Rose  Mary,  Mary  Frances' 
big  dolly,  which  she  bandaged  so  skilfully  that  all  her 


TRIANGULAR     BANDAGES 


CRAVAT  BANDAG6 


\/ 


X    \ 


cl  d. 


TR\ANGUUR 


A  SANE  FOURTH  OF  JULY 


85 


friends  felt  certain  that  she    had   been    taught   by  fairy 
teachers. 

If  you  practice  putting  these  kinds  of  bandages  on  your 
dolls  perhaps  you  will  be  able  some  day  to  help  somebody 


Tut  GIRLS  AITEARED  RIADY  FOB  THE  PARADE 

who  gets  hurt,    and   seem   yourself   like    a    fairy   to 
person  whoso  pain  you  helped. 

The  children  became  so  enthusiastic  in  practising  the 
various  methods  of  bandaging  that  it  grew  to  bo  quite  a 
joke  in  their  homes.  Many  times  they  waylaid  the  various 
members  of  their  families,  whom  they  wouldn't  lot  go  until 
they  were  bandaged  to  look  like  heroes  from  the  battlefield. 

The  boys  tried  in  vain  to  find  out  what  the  girls'  class 


86  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

had  planned  for  their  Fourth  of  July  "float."  They 
taxed  their  brains  guessing,  but  no  one  was  more  surprised 
than  they  when  the  girls  appeared  ready  for  the  parade, 
all  dressed  in  nurses'  outfits,  decorated  with  a  red  cross, 
each  carrying  a  big  doll,  bandaged,  head,  hand,  arm,  foot, 
in  first-aid  triangular  bandages.  In  the  center  of  the  group, 
Mike,  the  Brave  family's  pet  bulldog,  was  comfortably 
perched,  swathed  in  bandages.  Mike  wore  a  large  placard 
which  read: 

"See  what  fire  crackers  and  toy  pistols  may  do  to  you!" 

He  seemed  to  enjoy  this  particular  Fourth,  however, 
more  than  any  other  the  Brave  family  could  remember. 

The  boys  did  have  three  "real  cases"  for  their  first-aid 
hospital  tent. 

A  very  foolish  youth,  notwithstanding  the  Mayor's 
warning,  shot  off  blank  cartridges  from  a  revolver,  frighten- 
ing a  horse  nearby,  which  broke  its  halter  and  ran  away, 
throwing  the  young  man  down  so  hard  that  he  had  to  be 
taken  to  the  first-aid  tent  with  a  broken  arm. 

Ibee  Brave  and  Tom  Holden  happened  to  be  near, 
and  were  very  proud  as  they  bore  the  sufferer  to  the  impro- 
vised hospital. 

They  hadn't  noticed  in  their  excitement  that  a  little 
boy  had  been  wounded  with  the  powder  from  the  shot,  and 
felt  mortified  when  two  members  of  the  girls'  class  followed 
them  into  the  tent  with  the  little  patient. 

Miss  Helpem  sent  for  Doctor  Quickenquack,  who  set 
the  big  boy's  broken  arm  and  treated  the  little  fellow's 
powder  wounds. 

"The  worst  of  it  is,  young  man,"  said  the  doctor  to  the 


A  SANE  FOURTH  OF  JULY  87 

big  boy,  as  he  set  the  arm,  "that  not  all  the  punishment 
came  to  yourself.  If  these  powder  wounds  become  serious 
for  that  youngster,  you  will  be  blame." 

"I  didn't  realize,  Doctor,"  replied  the  young  man. 
"I'll  never  need  any  further  lesson — after  all  this,  and 
after  I  pay  my  fine." 

The  other  "case"  was  a  lady  who  fainted  when  she 
saw  the  accident,  and  was  quickly  revived  in  the  tent. 

"I  really  believe  that  this  is  the  best  Fourth  of  July 
celebration  our  town  has  ever  known,  Doctor,"  said  the 
Mayor,  complimenting  Doctor  Surecure  upon  the  success 
of  the  day.  "  'A  sane  Fourth,'  as  you  said,  will  give  more 
pleasure,  if  people  will  co-operate,  than  all  the  din  of  fire- 
crackers and  thunder  of  powder.  I'm  sure  we  owe  you 
and  your  able  first-aid  classes  our  vote  of  thanks." 

"Miss  Helpem  deserves  all  the  credit  for  the  first-aid 
help,"  replied  the  doctor. 

"Indeed  no,  thank  you,  Doctor,"  laughed  Mary  Frances 
Helpem,  coming  up  at  that  moment.  'To  the  boys  and 
girls  of  the  classes  belongs  that  praise." 


SHESA,  A  RED  CROSS  NURSE 

HAT  do  you  hear  from  your  brother,  Shesa?" 
asked  Miss  Bossem  of  Shesa  Brave  a  few 
days  later,  as  she  was  leaving  the  advanced 
class  in  first-aid. 

The  young  girl  looked  troubled.      "We 
haven't  heard  a  word  for  nearly  five  weeks,"  she  replied. 
"I  have  been  thinking  seriously  of  going  to  the  front  as  a 
volunteer  nurse,  hoping  I  may  be  able  to  get  news  of  Ima." 
"That  seems  like  an  excellent  idea  to  me,"  said  the 
head  nurse.     "You,  being  a  member  of  the  American  Red 
Cross  Society,  can  manage  very  nicely,  I  th^nk." 
So,  within  a  week,  Shesa  Brave  started  for  Mexico. 
She  was  put  on  duty  in  an  emergency  hospital  along  the 
frontier.     As  the  soldiers  were  brought  in  she  scanned  each 
face  eagerly,  but  many  a  weary  day  passed  before  she  had 
any  tidings  of  Ima. 

To  every  inquiry  she  sent  out,  the  report  came  back, 
"Missing." 

A  great  fear  came  upon  her  that  Ima  had  been  killed. 
She  couldn't  bear  the  thought  that  her  big  handsome  brave 
brother  had  died  without  even  a  record  of  what  had  hap- 
pened; but  she  worked  industriously,  nursing  other  people's 
brothers  and  writing  letters  to  the  loved  ones  at  home  to 
relieve  their  anxiety. 

[88] 


SHESA,  A  RED  CROSS  NURSE  89 

While  taking  a  walk  one  day  in  her  hours  off  duty, 
Shesa  wandered  farther  away  from  the  hospital  than  usual. 
She  was  thinking  of  Ima.  Before  realizing  it,  she  had  lost 
her  direction  and  found  herself  in  a  lovely  little  valley. 
The  scenery  along  the  border  had  been  so  uninteresting,  with 
low  cactus  plants  growing  out  of  the  sand,  and  scrub  bushes 
stretching  away  in  low  irregular  outline,  that  this  spot 
came  as  a  delightful  surprise. 

Spying  a  little  cabin  on  the  side  of  the  mountain  above 
the  valley,  she  decided  to  inquire  the  way  back,  and,  quick- 
ening her  steps,  reached  it  in  a  short  time. 

A  slovenly  woman  appeared  at  the  door.  Five  small 
children  surrounded  her,  pulling  at  her  skirts  as  the}'  saw 
the  stranger.  The  youngest  set  up  a  howl  of  disapproval  as 
Shesa  came  nearer.  In  her  arms  the  woman  held  a  baby 
and  in  one  hand  a  tin  pan  of  maize  or  corn.  A  few  chickens 
came  scurrying  around  the  corner  of  the  house  as  the 
woman  tapped  a  wooden  paddle  on  the  edge  of  the  pan. 

The  woman  stopped  and  eyed  Shesa  suspiciously  as  she 
came  still  nearer. 

"Good  afternoon,"  said  Shesa  with  a  smile.  ''Do  you 
speak  English?" 

"Howdy,"  grunted  the  woman.  "Yes.  Hush  up, 
will  ye?"  to  the  children,  whose  noises  made  conversation 
difficult. 

"United  States?"  she  asked  as  she  looked  Shesa's 
uniform  over. 

"Yes,  yes,"  replied  Shesa.     "I'm  a  nurse." 

"Xuss?"  said  the  woman.  "Then  ye'll  know  what  be 
ailing  him.  Come  in." 


90  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

Shesa   hesitated   a   moment   before   entering   the   low 
cabin  which  was  scarcely  more  than  a  hut;   but,  being  a 


"SISTER!"    HE  EXCLAIMED 


brave  girl,  she  thought,  "If  I  am  needed,  I  mustn't  hesitate. 
I'll  try  to  find  out  what's  wanted." 

"Tell  me  about  your  trouble,"  she  said  kindly  to  the 
woman.  "Is  your  husband  ill?" 

"Nope,"  the  woman  shook  her  head,  "he  be  all  right. 
It's  a  U.  S.  man  we  found  up  yonder,"  pointing  up  the 
mountain  road.  "Been  shot  in  arm.  My  man  brought 
him  home,  but  his  arm  gets  worse  all  time.  You  know 
what  to  do?" 


SHESA,  A  RED  CROSS  NURSE  91 

"I  think  I  can  help,"  said  Shesa,  wishing  with  all  her 
heart  she  had  brought  her  emergency  kit  with  her.  "  Let 
me  see  your  patient." 

The  woman  led  the  way  into  the  only  bedroom  in  the 
cabin.  On  a  rude  wooden  bed  lay  a  young  man,  dressed 
in  a  much  soiled  khaki  uniform.  At  the  sound  of  Shesa's 
voice,  he  started  up.  " Sister!"  he  exclaimed.  "Why, 
this  seems  too  good  to  be  true!  Oh,  perhaps  I'm  dream- 
ing. My  arm  pains  so  I  guess  I'm  just  'seeing  things' 
from  fever." 

For  one  moment  Shesa  lost  her  self-control.  Tears 
filled  her  eyes  and  she  longed  to  throw  her  arms  about 
Ima's  neck  and  cry  to  her  heart's  content.  "But  I  must  not," 
she  chidcd  herself.  "I  must  do  everything  I  can  to  help  him." 

"It's  not  a  dream,  Ima,  dear,"  she  said  as  naturally  as 
if  they  were  in  their  faraway  home.  "You  are  ill  and  cer- 
tainly do  need  me.  Let  me  see  your  arm." 

The  sight  of  his  poor  wounded  arm  made  her  feel  sick, 
for  it  evidently  had  been  neglected  from  the  first. 

"How  did  it  happen?"  Shesa  asked,  as  she  tore  her 
apron  into  bandages  and  directed  the  woman  to  boil  some 
water  on  the  open  fire  which  she  had  seen  outside. 

She  saw  that  Ima  wanted  to  talk,  sick  and  weary  as 
he  was. 

"I  was  taking  a  stroll  alone  one  evening,"  he  explained, 
"not  thinking  of  the  least  danger,  for  our  camp  lights 
were  scarcely  out  of  sight.  Suddenly  I  heard  the  report 
of  a  gun,  and  felt  an  awful  pain  in  my  right  arm.  One  of 
the  bandits  had  evidently  spotted  me  from  ambush.  I'd 
have  been  all  right,  but  the  fellow  or  an  accomplice  sprang 


92  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

upon  me,  and  after  a  struggle  knocked  me  senseless  and 
took  my  emergency  kit  and  everything  else  useful  away 
from  me.  The  settler  who  owns  this  cabin  found  me  and 
brought  me  up  here  on  his  shoulders.  His  wife  did  what 
she  could  for  my  wound,  but  it  became  infected  almost 
immediately,  and  I  was  too  weak  from  loss  of  blood  to  walk 
back  to  camp,  even  with  the  man's  help.  Besides,  in  some 
way,  I  had  a  sprained  ankle." 

"Well,  dear,  you  are  going  to  be  helped  in  every  way 
soon,  so  don't  talk  any  more,"  said  Shesa,  taking  off  some 
of  the  dirty  rags  which  the  woman  had  tied  clumsily  upon 
Ima's  ankle.  She  bathed  the  ankle  in  hot  water  and  bound 
it  firmly  in  a  figure-of-eight  bandage,  which  gave  him  the 
first  ease  from  pain  since  the  accident. 

She  replaced  the  outside  layers  of  the  dirty  bandages 
on  his  wounded  arm.  "The  wounds  may  bleed  if  I  take  the 
dressings  off,"  she  decided  wisely,  "and  I  have  no  remedies 
here." 

"I  wonder  why  the  man  didn't  go  for  help?"  she 
thought. 

Just  at  that  moment  Ima  whispered,  "I  would  have  sent 
word  to  camp,  but  for  some  reason  the  settler  seems  afraid 
—of  the  bandits,  maybe." 

"Well,"  said  Shesa,  "you  rest  here,  and  we'll  soon  have 
help." 

"But,  Shesa,  it  will  be  dangerous  for  you  to  go,"  said 
Ima.  Then  suddenly,  "Why,  how  did  you  happen  to  come 
here,  anyhow?" 

"Never  mind,  dear,  I'll  explain  all  that  later,"  replied 
Shesa. 


SHESA,  A  RED  CROSS  NURSE  93 


"But  I  want  to  hear  now,"  insisted  Ima,  his  eyes 
bright  with  fever.  So  to  satisfy  him,  Shesa  briefly  related 
the  story  of  her  little  walk. 

"Now,"  she  added  "since  the  emergency  hospital  is  so 
near,  you  need  not  worry  until  I  come  back?" 

He  promised  to  try  not  to  worry,  and  fell  into  a  dozy 
sleep  within  a  few  minutes. 


CHAPTER  XV 
A  TELEGRAM  FROM  MEXICO 

HESA  hurried  along  by  the  path  she  thought 
she  had  taken  to  reach  the  cabin,  but  after 
walking  ten  minutes,  found  herself  going 
in  the  wrong  direction. 

"How  dreadful!"  she  exclaimed,  "when 
I  am  in  such  a  hurry!" 

She  looked  about  her.  "It  is  nearing  sunset,"  she 
whispered,  looking  at  the  ^ky.  "Oh,  I  wish  I  knew  the 
way!" 

Just  at  that  moment  a  noise  in  the  underbrush  startled 
her.  Although  very  brave,  she  was  dreadfully  afraid  of 
snakes,  even  harmless  ones,  but  she  laughed  when  she  saw 
a  tiny  prairie  dog  scamper  out  of  the  bushes,  stand  on  his 
hind  feet  and  look  about  him  with  blinking  eyes. 

"How  foolish  I  am!"  she  thought,  but  shuddered  again 
as  she  heard  someone  stepping  up  behind  her. 

"I  beg  pardon,"  said  a  gentlemanly  voice — and  turn- 
ing, you  can  imagine  how  relieved  Shesa  was  to  see  a 
United  States  soldier  standing  with  his  hat  in  his  hand. 

"Oh,"  she  cried  happily,  "I'm  so  thankful  to  see  you: 
Will  you  help  me  find  my  way  to  the  emergency  hospital?" 
Then  she  stopped  and  laughed.  "I  must  apologize  for 
speaking  this  way,"  she  said,  "but  you  will  understand  my 
excitement  when  I  explain  all  that  has  happened  to  me 
this  afternoon." 

[041 


A  TELEGRAM  FROM  MEXICO 


95 


The  soldier  quickly  led  the  way  as  she  talked. 

They  soon  arrived  at  the  emergency  hospital,  and  aftei 
Shesa's  explanation,  the  doctors  took  her  in  a  field  ambu- 
lance up  to  the  cabin,  the  soldier  showing  the  way. 

Within  two  hours,  Private  Brave  lay  on  a  clean  white 


"WILL  You  HELP  ME  FIND  MY  WAY  TO  THE  KMKHCENCY  HOSPITAL?'' 

cot,  with  clean  dressings  on  his  arm  and  comforting  broth 
in  his  stomach. 

"I  feel  a  hundred  per  cent  better  already,"  he  said  to 
Shesa  as  she  kissed  him  good-night.  "In  the  morning  I'll 
be  well." 

But  in  the  morning  the  doctors  shook  their  heads.     "  I'm 


90 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


"OH,  DOCTOR!  CAN'T  IT 
BE  SAVED?" 


afraid  that  arm  will  have  to  be  ampu- 
tated," said  the  chief  surgeon. 

"Oh,  Doctor!"  exclaimed  Shesa, 
"can't  it  be  saved?" 

"If  it  is  saved,"  said  the  doctor 
gruffly,  not  liking  to  show  how  sorry 
he  was  for  the  pretty  nurse,  "it  will 
be  saved  for  a  dead  man.  A  neglected 
infected  wound,  even  small,  may  mean 
gangrene.  This  is  a  large,  badly  neg- 
lected infected  wound!" 

Shesa  bit  her  lips  and  held  back 
the  tears,  saying,  "Of  course,  if  it's  to 
save  his  life,  Doctor — "  Then  she  went 
out  to  telegraph  to  her  family. 

The  telegram  read: 


Ima   found,  wounded, 
home  soon  as  possible. 


Will  bring 


Shesa. 


Oh,  how  I  hope  all  comes  out  right,"  she  thought. 


CHAPTER  XVI 
PRIVATE  BRAVE'S  ADVENTURES 

HREE  weeks  later,  a  soldier  with  one  arm 
and  his  very  attentive  sister  were  looked 
upon  with  much  interest  by  the  other  pas- 
sengers on  a  steamer  going  to  New  York. 
Ima  stood  the  journey  well,  but  when 
they  arrived  at  the  station,  Shesa  decided  to  take  him 


A  SOLDIER  AND  His  VKRV  ATTENTIVE  SISTER 
[97J 


98  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

direct  to  the  Dolls'  Hospital  to  rest  instead  of  home,  where 
he  would  be  under  a  good  deal  of  excitement. 

So  it  was  in  the  Dolls'  Hospital  that  the  Brave  family 
came  together  again,  rejoicing  in  the  escape  of  their  soldier. 
Even  Mike,  the  dog,  was  allowed  to  come,  and  no  one 
greeted  him  with  more  joy  than  did  their  family  pet. 

Private  Brave  didn't  mend  as  well  as  the  doctors  and 
nurses  had  hoped.  Within  a  week  after  his  arrival  at  the 
hospital,  an  abscess  developed  on  his  left  forearm,  which 
caused  everyone  to  worry,  and  another  operation  was  all  that 
saved  poor  Private  Brave  from  losing  his  only  remaining  arm. 

The  assistant  nurse  dressed  and  bandaged  this  abscess 
with — 

ROLLER  BANDAGES 

(See  Reference  List) 

Roller  bandages  are  usually  made  of  long  straight  pieces  of  gauze. 
This  material  "gives"  to  the  form  of  the  arm  much  better  than  muslin. 
Never  put  a  bandage  on  wet,  for  it  shrinks  and  is  too  tight  when  dry. 

You  will  be  interested  in  seeing  a  picture  on  page  99  of  how  a 
roller  bandage  is  applied  to  an  arm  or  leg. 

This  picture  shows  one  of  Mary  Frances'  big  dolls  bandaged  in 
roller  bandages. 

The  two-and-a-half-inch  wide  roller  bandage  four  or  six  yards  long 
is  the  size  most  used  for  grown-up  people,  although  narrower  ones  are 
needed  for  fingers. 

On  the  doll's  body  inch-wide  bandages  were  used,  and  the  ends 
were  sewed  in  place.  To  prevent  slipping,  strips  of  adhesive  plaster 
were  placed  over  the  folds  of  the  edges. 

Under  the  assistant  nurse's  kind  care,  Private  Brave 
soon  grew  better  and  was  able  to  take  an  interest  in  the 
other  patients. 


ROLLER    BANDAGES 


100 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


He  begged  to  be  allowed  to  visit  the  boys'  ward,  where 
he  wouldn't  be  so  lonely. 

There  was  great  excitement  among  the  boys  in  the  ward, 
none  of  whom  were  very  ill,  when  a 
real  soldier  came  to  visit  them. 

They  coaxed  him  to  tell  them  about 
his  adventures. 


how  he  lost   his   arm,    and   this   one 
about  the  stolen  baby: 


"We  were  riding  along  one  day, 
when  I  thought  I  heard  a  baby's  cry. 
None  of  the  other  boys  seemed  to  hear 
it,  and  as  we  were  not  riding  in  order,  I 
headed  my  horse  toward  the  sound.  I 
had  about  concluded  that  I  was 
mistaken,  when  the  horse  stopped 
short.  The  crying  had  ceased  b}'  this 
time. 

"I  looked  down,  and  there  among 
the  sage-brush,  at  the  horse's  feet,  was 
ii  little  baby  about  a  year  old.  How  it  came  in  such  a  place", 
I  have  no  idea.  There  was  no  house  within  forty  miles,  and 
we  hadn't  met  a  soul. 

"I  got  off  my  horse  and  picked  the  little  thing  up  and 
rode  with  it,  to  our  captain.  It  appeared  to  be  half  starved 
and  surelv  could  not  have  survived  much  longer. 


WE  PUT  THE  BABY  INTO 


PRIVATE  BRAVE'S  ADVENTURES  101 

"  We  carried  it  with  us  into  camp,  fed  it  and  took  care 
of  it  as  best  we  could. 

"On  making  inquiries,  we  found  the  baby  had  been 
stolen  from  some  poor  white  settlers.  Who  did  it  or  why, 
no  one  ever  found  out. 

"When  the  poor  mother  came  into  camp  and  we  put 
the  baby  into  her  arms  she  was  the  happiest  woman  I  ever 


"Wasn't  that  grand!"  cried  Bobby  to  Sammy,  the  little 
lame  boy  in  the  next  bed.  Sammy  was  the  plaster-of- 
Paris  doll  Mary  Frances  had  bought  for  a  nickel  at  the 
children's  fair. 

All  the  patients  were  sorry — and  the  doctors  and 
nurses,  too — when  the  time  came  for  Private  Brave  to  leave 
the  hospital. 

He  had  been  so  bright  and  cheerful  that  they  would 
miss  him  greatly. 

He  felt  sorry,  too,  in  a  way,  for  so  many  interesting 
things  had  happened;  for  instance — but  perhaps  you  would 
rather  hear  the  story  of  the  mad  dog  as  Private  Brave 
told  it  to  his  family. 


CHAPTER  XVII 
THE  MAD  DOG 

RIVATE  BRAVE  was  comfortably  seated  in 
the  home  living  room  with  his  family  gath- 
ered around  to  hear  what  had  happened  while 
he  was  in  the  hospital. 

"It  was  about  four  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon," he  began.  "I  had  just  finished  telling  the  boys 
about  saving  the  baby,  and  all  my  other  experiences  which 
you  know,  when  suddenly  we  heard  a  woman  crying  as 
she  rushed  past  the  ward  door. 

"  'Oh,  Doctor,'  she  sobbed,  'will  he  die — will  my  little 
boy  die?  He  didn't  know  the  dog  would  bite,  poor  child! 
He  says  the  dog  isn't  mad,  but  everybody  else  says  he  is!' 

"  'Come,'  said  the  doctor,  'mad  or  not,  we'll  fix  this 
young  man  up  so  he'll  be  quite  safe.  I'm  glad  you  brought 
him  to  me  immediately.' 

"I  was  on  my  feet  in  an  instant,  and  ran  to  the  office 
door,  for  I  was  very  anxious  to  hear  what  would  be  done  for 
the  little  boy. 

"  'This  must  be  cauterized,  Nurse/  said  the  doctor. 
'Get  nitrate  of  silver  ready.' 

"He  dipped  a  wooden  stick  into  the  poison  and  turned 
it  around  in  the  wound,  the  little  boy  screaming  with 
the  pain. 

"  'Oh,  Doctor,'  asked  his  mother,  'must  he  be  hurt  so 
much? ' 

[102] 


THE  MAD  Doc  103 


"  'Safety  must  first  be  considered/  replied  the  doctor. 
'  We  are  probably  destroying  the  dreadful  germs  of  hydro- 
phobia. And,  next,  this  little  boy  must  be  given  Pasteur 
treatment  with  the  wonderful  serum  used  to  prevent  hydro- 
phobia, for  hydrophobia  means  the  most  terrible  suffering 
anybody  could  imagine.  Of  course,  no  one  is  quite  certain 
that  the  dog  was  mad;  for  many  a  time  a  dog  which  has 
been  nearly  crazed  with  thirst,  or  been  the  victim  of  bad 
boys'  pranks,  has  been  thought  mad.' 

"  'But  this  doggy  wasn't  mad,'  the  boy  cried  out, 
forgetting  his  pain.  'A  bad  boy  was  twisting  his  tail  and 
the  poor  doggy  thought  I  did  it  because  I  was  near!' 

"  'Are  you  certain,  little  fellow?'  asked  the  doctor. 

'Yes,  sir,  and  after  he  bit  me,  a  big  man  beat  him 
with  his  cane,  and  the  poor  doggy  ran  yelping  down  the 
street.  Oh,  how  you  made  my  arm  ache,  Doctor!' 

"  'Poor  boy!'  said  the  doctor,  'I  really  had  to  hurt  you.' 

"  'What  should  I  have  done,  Doctor,  if  we  had  been 
miles  from  a  physician?'  asked  the  mother. 

"  'That's  a  good  question,'  replied  Doctor  Surerure. 
'I  will  tell  you  the  simplest  treatment  for  an  untrained 
person  to  use— 

FOR  DOG  BITE 

(See  Reference  Lt.*() 

Whether  there  is  danger  of  hydrophobia  or  not.  if  bitr  i?  on  :t 
limb,  tie  a  cloth  tightly  around  limb  between  wound  and  body,  and 
encourage  bleeding  by  squeezing.  Wash  with  soap  and  hot  water. 
Apply  iodine.  Loosen  cloth  in  an  hour. 

If  there  is  the  slightest  danger  of  hydrophobia,  get  pati-  r>!  to  a  ili>,-f«r! 
If  impossible  to  get  a  doctor,  apply  nitrate  of  silver,  or  pure  c::r!»«>li«- 
acid  with  a  soft  stick.  But  it  seems  that  th^rr  .'ir»-  f«-\\  i-i.- 


104 THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

a  doctor  cannot  be  consulted  within  twenty-four  hours, — who  will 
see  that  the  patient  is  given  Pasteur  treatment  to  prevent  hydro- 
phobia from  developing. 

"Well,  I  am  certainly  glad  to  learn  that,  my  son,"  said 
Private  Brave's  mother.  "We  had  a  terrible  fright  the 
day  the  little  boy  was  bitten,  for  somebody  said  that  our 
Mike  did  it." 

"What!"  exclaimed  Private  Brave.  "Did  anybody 
dare  accuse  this  most  faithful  and  wonderfully  brave  dog- 
member  of  the  Brave  family?" 

Mike  had  been  lying  at  his  young  master's  feet;  in 
fact,  he  hadn't  left  him  since  he  came  home — not  even  to 

eat  his  dinner.  On  hearing  his 
name,  Mike  stood  up,  wagging  his 
tail  so  hard  that  you  would  have 
thought  it  would  drop  off  unless  it  was 
nailed  on. 

He  looked  inquiringly  upon  the 
family,  his  mouth  open  and  his  intelli- 
gent brown  eyes  questioning  what  all 
this  talk  meant. 

"It  wasn't  you,  Michael,  old  boy, 
"IT  WASN-T  You,  MICHAEL,  gO()d    old    fcnow|"    exclaimed   Ibee, 

petting  him. 

"Bow!  Bow!"  barked  Mike,  and  Ibee  declared  he 
smiled. 

"Well,"  said  Private  Brave,  "that  was-"  lie  didn't 
finish  the  sentence,  for  at  that  instant  the  next  door  neigh- 
bor came  running  into  the  room. 

"Oh,  come,  Miss  Shesa!"  she  exclaimed.  "My  baby's 
dying — she's  swallowed  poison." 


CHAPTER  XVIII 
Tin;  POISONED  BABY 

HESA  hastened  away  with  the  neighbor,  for 
she  knew  that  any  delay  might  cost  the 
baby's  life.  She  could  hear  the  little  girl's 
agonizing  screams. 

"Ibec,  run  for  the  doctor,"  she  called. 

"We  must  work  until  the  doctor  comes,"  she  said  to  the 
distracted  mother.  She  was  wise  enough  to  realize  that  it 
would  be  best  to  keep  the  mother  busy. 

''What  kind  of  poison — do  you  know?"  asked  Shesa 
anxiously,  as  they  ran  up  the  steps  of  the  porch. 

"Lye,"  answered  the  mother  briefly.  ''The  maid  was 
scrubbing  the  kitchen  steps,  and  left  the  can  of  lye  on  the 
floor.  Baby  came  along,  saying  'dink,  dink,'  and  before 
Sally  Ann  could  get  into  the  door,  baby  had  swallowed  a 
mouthful.  It  couldn't  have  been  very  strong,  for  Sally  Ann 
had  filled  up  the  can  with  water." 

Shesa  took  the  baby  on  her  lap  and  looked  into  its  poor 
little  burnt  mouth. 

"Bring  a  glass  of  water  and  some  vinegar."  she  ordered. 
When  they  came,  she  diluted  the  vinegar  with  water  giving 
the  baby  a  teaspoonful  at  a  time. 

"Bring  the  juice  of  a  lemon,"  >he  said.  This  she 
diluted,  giving  it  to  the  baby  in  the  same  way. 

It  must  have  stopped  -cme  of  the  suffering,  for  the  little 
one  began  to  seem  more  comfortable. 


106 


"Now,  the  beaten  white  of  an  egg  in  water,"  she  said 
at  length.     Of  this  she  gave  the  baby  a  tablespoonful;  then 

a  tablespoonful  of  olive 
oil,  holding  its  little 
mouth  shut  to  make  it 
swallow. 

By  the  time  the 
doctor  arrived,  the 
baby  had  fallen  asleep 
on  Shesa's  lap. 

''You  have  saved 
this  baby's  life,  Miss 
Brave,"  said  the  doc- 
tor. "  If  it  hadn't  been 
for  prompt  action,  the 
child  might  have  died." 
"People  are  so 
careless  with  poisons," 
he  went  on.  "Poisons 
should  never  be  placed 
within  the  reach  of 
little  children.  All  bot- 
tles should  be  labeled 
plainly,  and  the  stoppers  should  be  tied  about  with  a  piece 
of  gauze — not  very  attractive,  I  admit,  but  one  of  the  best 
safeguards  against  making  a  mistake  as  to  the  'right  bottle.' 
Poisons  should  not  be  kept  in  the  general  medicine  closet, 
but  in  a  place  by  themselves — unless  we  except  iodine, 
which  has  such  a  decided  odor  that  it  may  be  kept  in  a 
more  accessible  place,  ready  for  its  many  uses." 


'  BRING  A  GLASS  OP  WATEK  AND  SOMK 
VINEGAR" 


THE  POISONED  BABY 


107 


After  complimenting  Shesa  again  on  her  treatment  of 
the  baby,  and  leaving  some  medicines  for  both  the  baby 
and  the  baby's  mother,  the  doctor  went 
away. 

Shesa  was  met  by  her  mother  as  she 
started  home. 

"We  are  all  so  anxious,  dear,"  she 
said,  "to  learn  how  the  baby  is." 

"The  baby's  all  right,"  smiled  Shesa. 

"How  thankful  Ima  will  bo!"  ex- 
claimed her  mother.  "It  brings  tears  to 
my  eyes  to  see  how  interested  that  dear 
boy  is  in  everybody,  thinking  so  little 
about  his  own  misfortunes.  Think  of  a 
young  man  just  at  his  age  losing  an 
arm!" 

"Father  told  me  that  last  night  when 
he  tried  to  express  a  little  sympathy,  Ima 
said,  'Well,  Father,  it  is  a  loss;  but 
you  know,  I  have  one  arm  left ! '  Shesa 
replied. 

"Wasn't  that  wonderful!"  exclaimed 
Mrs.  Brave. 

"It  certainly  is  wonderful  how  bravely  he  takcw  his 
troubles,"  replied  Shesa.  "Father  ?aid  ho  thought  that  it 
really  required  more  bravery  to  fed  that  way  tlmn  to  go 
to  the  battlefield." 

By  this  time  they  had  reached  home,  and  Sheaa,  had  to 
tell  everybody  about  the  saving  of  the  life  of  the  poisoix-d 
babv. 


Yor  HA\E  SAVI.H  THIS 

BABY'S  Lm:,  Mi.** 

UR \.\r. " 


CHAPTER  XIX 
HURRAH  FOR  OUR  HERO 

HE  Brave  family  were  not  the  only  people 
who  admired  Private  Brave's  cheerful  accep- 
tance of  his  fate  and  his  determination  to 
make  his  left  hand  learn  to  do  the  work  of 
two  hands. 

One  day  when  he  was  running  the  lawn  mower  over 
the  lawn  in  front  of  the  house,  Doctor  Quickenquack 
stopped  in  his  dollsmobile. 

"Hello,  how's  the  ' General'?"  he  called.  " Can't  you 
jump  in  and  take  a  ride?  Hope  you're  not  too  busy  to 
have  a  little  holiday." 

" Thank  you,  Doctor,"  said  Private  Brave,  "it's  certainly 
kind  of  you  to  ask  me.  Will  you  wait  until  I  put  this 
mower  away  and  get  my  coat?  " 

He  had  to  lock  the  door,  for  none  of  the  family  wore 
home,  but  he  hopped  into  the  car  in  a  minute's  time.  The 
doctor  started  the  engine  and  away  they  rode  toward 
Painted  River  and  Looking  Glass  Lake.  It  was  a  beautiful 
morning  and  Private  Brave  enjoyed  the  ride  very  much. 

"If  you  will  just  let  me  out  here,  I'll  walk  home  from 
this  corner,"  said  he  as  they  came  to  River  Avenue. 

"Not  much,  sir;  you're  kidnapped,"  laughed  the 
doctor  as  he  drove  on  toward  the  hospital. 

"First,  your  lunch;  then  a  visit  to  the  boys'  ward/' 
said  the  doctor.  "That's  your  program,  sir." 

1108] 


HURRAH  FOR  OUR  HKRO  109 

Private  Brave  was  delighted  with  the  idea,  and  how  he 
enjoyed  his  lunch  after  the  ride! 

When  he  went  with  the  doctor  to  the  boys'  ward,  you 
can't  imagine  how  surprised  he  was  to  see  all  his  own 
family.  Not  only  they  were  there,  but  also  the  boys' 
class  and  the  girls'  class  in  first-aid. 

Besides  these,  wore  Miss  Bosscm  and  Miss  Hoi  pern  and 
Doctor  Surecuro  and  even  the  ambulance  driver,  Billy. 

Doctor  Quickenquack  led  Private  Brave  under  an 
American  flag  which  was  draped  in  one  corner  of  the  room. 

"Dear  Private  Brave,"  said  Doctor  Surocuro,  clearing 
his  throat,  "it  is  my  pleasure  to  present  to  you  a  gift  from 
some  of  your  many  admiring  friends." 

Private  Brave  blushed  at  the  praise,  and  smiled  as  Miss 
Ilelpem  carried  forward  a  box  which  she  placed  on  the 
little  table  beside  him. 

lie  opened  the  lid  and  lifted  out  a  beautiful  little  hand- 
embroidered  silk  flag. 

"Perhaps  we'd  better  help  you  open  the  box  the  rest 
of  the  way,"  suggested  Doctor  Sun-cure.  "Let  us  step 
into  the  next  room." 

When    the    doctors    and    Private    Brave    came    back—- 
what do  you  think?     Private  Brave  was  waving  the  beauti- 
ful little  silk   Hag  in   the   hand  of  a   new   wooden   arm,   so 
skilfully  made  that  it  had  almost  human  action. 

"Hurrah!"  shouted  the  boys  and  girls  in  delight. 
"Hurrah!  Hurrah  for  Private  Brave!  Hurrah  for  Our 
Hero!" 

"Hurrah!  Hurrah!"  they  shouted  together  at  the  top 
of  thrir  luno. 


110          THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


HK  OPKNED  THE  LID  AND  Ln  TI;D  Our  A  BEAUTIFUL  LITTUE 

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HirRKAH    FOH    OUR    HERO  111 

"Hurrah  for  Private  Brave!     He's— 

Prepared  for  less, 

Prepared  for  more, 
Prepared  for  peace, 

Prepared  for  war! 

Prepared  for  well, 

Prepared  for  ill, 
Prepared  to  save 

The  doctor's  bill! 

Prepared  for  calm, 

Prepared  for  strife, 
Prepared  for  anything 

In  life! 

"Oh,  Billy,"  cried  Mary  Frances,  after  it  was  all  over, 
"I'm  so  thankful  to  you  for  your  birthday  present." 

"What  do  you  mean?"  yawned  Billy. 

''Why,  for  the  day  we've  just  spent  together  in  the 
playroom,"  said  Mary  Frances. 

"Don't  know  what  you're  talking  about,"  pretended 
Billy. 

"Why,  Billy!"  Mary  Frances  laughed.  "If  you  will 
just  put  a  triangular  bandage  on  my  hand  with  your 
handkerchief,  you'll  remember." 

Billy  put  it  on  beautifully,  just  as  you  snw  it  shown 
on  Mary  Frances'  doll  in  the  picture. 

"Now,  you  remember,  Mr.  Ambulance  Driver!"  cried 
Mary  Frances,  shaking  her  finger. 


112  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

"I  don't  seem  to  remember  a  thing  about  how  I  learned," 
solemnly  declared  Billy. 

"Why,  certainly  you  do.  You  learned  in  the  Dolls' 
Hospital,"  cried  Mary  Frances. 

"Oh,  maybe — but  don't  tell  anybody  about  it,  though 
I  must  say  that  a  knowledge  of  bandaging  will  be  most 


THERE  THEY  WERE! 

useful  when  the  boy  scouts  commence  their  class  in 
advanced  first-aid  work." 

"Will  Miss  Bossem  be  their  teacher?"  teased  Mary 
Frances. 

"Aw!  Stop  talking  about  that  doll  of  yours  dressed  up 
as  a  nurse,  Mary  Francos!  We  boys  are  beyond  the  doll- 
baby  age!"  Billy  walked  away  in  pretended  disgust. 


HURRAH  FOR  OUR  HERO 


113 


"Well,"  said  Mary  Frances  to  herself,  "if  Billy  hadn't 
known  how  to  put  on  that  bandage  I  would  think  I  had 
been  dreaming.  I  know  what  I'll  do!  I'll  go  see  if  there 
are  any  nurses'  uniforms  in  the  playroom." 

There  they  were!  Each  girl  doll  had  one  on,  just  as  she 
wore  it  at  the  Fourth  of  July  celebration. 

"It  must  have  been  real!"  concluded  Mary  Frances. 
"It  must  have  been!  That  proves  it!  Besides,  here  is 
Private  Brave,  and  in  his  wooden  hand  he  is  holding  the— 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST 

OF 

ORDINARY  ACCIDENTS 
AND  ILLNESSES 

ALPHABETICALLY  ARRANGED 
WITH 

APPROVED  HOME  REMEDIES 


A  FEW  GENERAL  REMARKS 

In  the  story  part  of  this  little  book,  the  author  has  endeavored 
to  show  that  success  in  first-aid  treatment  of  any  open  wound  lies  in 
protecting  the  wound  from  infection. 

From  long  years  of  experience,  physicians  have  found  that: 

1.  Every  open  wound  should  be  touched  with  an  antiseptic  to 
kill  germs  which  may  have  entered;  and  that  the  best  general  antiseptic 
known  is  iodine. 

2.  No  wound    should  be  closed  entirely  from  the  air;   therefore, 
do  not  use  adhesive  plaster  or  collodion  to  cover  a  cut  or  wound,  but 
cover  it  with  sterile  gauze  after  using  iodine.     The  gauze  may  be  held 
in  place  at  each  side  by  adhesive  plaster  or  by  a  bandage. 

When  sending  for  the  doctor,  be  sure  to  let  him  know  what  is  the 
matter:  for  instance,  poison  case,  or  drowning,  or  choking — so  that  he 
may  bring  the  articles  necessary  to  treat  the  case. 

N.  B. — In  case  of  wounds  from  powder,  or  punctured  wounds,  as 
from  rusty  nail,  see  a  doctor  who  will  treat  patient  with  anti-tetanic 
serum. 

Read  the  chapters  concerning  bandages:  Chapters  XIII  and  XVI. 

Bandages  are  used:   1.  To  hold  dressings  in  place. 

2.  To  support  the  parts.     3.  To  hold  splints  in  place. 

Never  use  wet  bandages — they  shrink  in  drying. 

Never  put  a  tight  bandage  over  a  wet  compress;  use  a  loose 
triangular  bandage.  The  exclusion  of  air  might  also  cause  blisters. 

An  emetic  is  a  medicine  which  causes  vomiting. 

To  sterilize  a  needle  or  knife  blade,  dip  into  alcohol  or  pass  through 
an  alcohol  or  gas  flame;  or  hold  in  boiling  water  several  minutes. 

To  make  a  saturated  solution  dissolve  in  water  as  much  of  the 
powder  mentioned  as  possible. 

NOTE. — Remember  that  heat  in  the  form  of  hot  drinks  and  hot 
applications  is  the  best  land  of  stimulant. 

(116) 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST 

Reference  to  poisonous  remedies  has  been  carefully  avoided  as 
much  as  possible. 

Where  dosage  is  not  mentioned  in  the  following,  refer  to  List  of 
Remedies  for  the  Home  Medicine  Closet,  page  136. 

Biliousness. 

Give  citrate  of  magnesia,  or  Epsom  or  Rochelle  salt,  or  *castor 
oil.  Cracked  ice  slowly  melted  in  the  mouth  generally  relieves  sick 
stomach. 

Hot,  clear  coffee  given  after  any  of  the  above  medicines  counter- 
acts greatly  the  nauseating  effect. 

Bites  of  Dogs,  Cats,  Snakes. 

If  on  a  limb,  tie  a  cloth  tightly  around  limb,  between  wound  and 
body.  Loosen  slightly  in  an  hour.  Encourage  bleeding  by  squeezing, 
to  get  poison  out,  or  suck  and  spit  out  blood  from  the  wound,  Ix-ing 
careful  to  see  there  are  no  cuts  or  wounds  in  the  mouth  or  lips,  through 
which  the  poison  may  enter.  Apply  iodine. 

If  hydrophobia  (rabies)  is  suspected,  send  for  doctor  nt  <»wr.  \\h<. 
will  see  that  correct  treatment  is  given.  This  treatment  is  cnnc«-inc»| 
with  the  injection  of  a  serum  into  the  blood.  See  Chapter  XVII. 

Bites  of  Insects,  Spiders,  etc. 

Treat  as  for  stings. 

These  are  seldom  dangerous  to  life. 

"Black  Eye." 

For  "black  eye,"  uso  either  cold  or  hot  water  compresses  imme- 
diately. Massage  gently  for  discoloration. 

Bleeding  of  Gums. 

Rinse  mouth  with  alum  water — 1  teaspoon  powdered  alum  in  :i 
glass  of  ice  water;  or  1  tsp.  tincture  of  myrrh  in  1  tbsp.  water. 

"  Tee  one  of  the  proprietary  (patent)  preparations  of  caator  oil.  plonsant  to  ta*tf. 

[1171 


118  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

Blood  Blisters. 

Do  not  open.    Apply  hot  water. 

Broken  Bones  or  Fractures. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  fractures: 

1.  Simple,  where  the  bone  only  is  broken. 

2.  Compound,  where  the  skin  is  broken  through  at  point  of 

fracture. 

Treatment: 

Send  for  doctor  at  once.  Much  harm  is  done  by  unskilled  handling. 
Do  not  move  patient  unless  absolutely  necessary. 

If  a  compound  fracture,  apply  iodine.  Bandage  a  sterile  gauze 
compress  loosely  over  wound,  tie  a  cloth  tightly  around  limb,  between 
wound  and  body.  See  "Hemorrhage"  in  this  list. 

Using  extreme  gentleness,  place  limb  in  comfortable  position  on  a 
pillow  or  pad,  and  tie  fast  with  strips  of  muslin  or  bandages. 

If  impossible  to  get  doctor  for  a  long  time,  and  patient  must  be 
moved,  use  extreme  carefulness,  and  tie  limb  to  padded  splints  with 
bandages. 

Rulers,  umbrellas,  sticks,  rolled  newspapers,  may  be  used  for 
splints.  If  an  arm,  after  applying  splints,  place  in  sling  made  with 
triangular  bandage,  or  pin  coat  sleeve  to  front  of  shirt. 

Treat  for  "Shock." 

Bruises  or  Contusions. 

"Black  and  blue"  spots  from  blow  or  fall  or  pinching,  causing 
blood  vessels  to  rupture  under  skin. 
Apply  at  first: 

Ice,  or  ice  water;  or 
Alcohol  and  water,  half  and  half;  or 
Witch  hazel,  or  arnica;  or 
Vinegar  diluted  with  water. 

Afterward  use  hot  applications.  Gentle  rubbing  or  massaging  helps 
dispel  the  discoloration.  If  surface  is  scraped,  as  from  fall  in  sand,  see 
"Wounda." 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  119 

Bums  and  Scalds. 

There  are  three  different  degrees  of  burns : 

1.  Mere  reddening  of  the  skin  (slight  burns). 

2.  Formation  of  blisters  (deeper  burns). 

3.  Charring  and  destruction  of  the  skin  and  tissues. 

1.  For  slight  burns  (first  degree),  apply  any  of  the  following: 
Bicarbonate  of  soda  (baking  soda)  mixed  in  water  to  the  thickness 

of  milk,  olive  oil,  cream,  vaseline,  lard,  butter,  white  of  egg,  or  flour 
and  water  paste,  or  starch  and  water. 

Spread  gauze  compress*  with  the  material  used,  and    bandage 
loosely  in  place. 

2.  In  deeper  burns  (second  degree),  be  careful  in  removing  clothing 
— cut  it  off,  if  necessary,  to  prevent  tearing  the  skin. 

Bandage  on  loosely  compresses  wet  in  one  of  the  following: 

(a)  Normal  Salt  Solution  (1  level  tsp.  salt  in  1  pint  boiled  water); 

or 

(6)  Can-on  Oil  ( \  lime  water,  $  linseed  oil) ; 

or 

(c)  Saturated  Solution  Bicarbonate  of  Soda.      (Dissolve  as  much 
baking  soda  as  possible  in  a  cup  of  boiled  water;) 

or 

(d)  Picric  Acid  Gauze  Compress. 

Follow  any  of  these  treatments  with  Boric  Acid  Ointment. 

(See  List  of  Medicines,  No.  22). 

Blisters.  Later,  puncture  blisters  near  base  with  a  sharp  instru- 
ment which  has  been  sterilized  by  dipping  in  alcohol.  Mop 
up  the  watery  discharge  with  a  little  aseptic  absorbent 
cotton,  throwing  it  away.  Never  open  blisters  far  enough 
to  loosen  skin.  Dress  with  gauxe  compresses,  dusted  with 
boric  acid.  l.'se  several  small  compresses  if  burned  surface 
is  large. 

3.  In  very  severe  burns  (third  degree)  little  can  be  done.      Send 
for  the  doctor.     Do  not  remove  clothing.     Make  patitnt  as  comfortable 
as  possible. 

*  A  rornroM  is  MM»'T;«|  t lih'kn'W"  <>(  c.su/*  <T  <•''  •    nr'.i'iTil 


120          THE  MART  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

For  burns  about  the  eye,  anoint  with  olive  oil  and  wash  out  with 
boric  acid  solution  in  eye  dropper  or  eye  cup.  (See  List  of  Medicines, 
No.  3.)  Use  compresses  wrung  out  of  ice  water.  See  doctor. 

Car  Sickness. 

Fresh  air.     Lying-down  position. 

Do  not  look  out  of  window  at  moving  objects.     Keep  eyes  closed. 

Chilblains. 

Chilblains  are  the  result  of  too  rapid  warming  of  cold  parts, 
generally  feet  or  fingers.     Sometimes  for  years  after  being  frost-bitten, 
exposure  to  severe  cold  will  produce  itching  and  burning,  and  perhaps 
{swelling  and  ulcers. 
Treatment: 

Rub  with  turpentine  or  alcohol.  The  rubbing  hi  itself  is  excellent. 
See  doctor. 

Chills. 

Use  heat.  Apply  hot-water  bags  under  arms,  on  thighs  and  at 
feet.  Give  hot  foot  bath,  hi  which  is  1  tbsp.  mustard.  Rub  limbs 
toward  body,  to  restore  circulation.  Give  hot  coffee  or  tea,  or  hot 
lemonade.  Wrap  in  blankets  and  put  to  bed.  Chills  indicate 
oncoming  illness — see  doctor!  See  Chapter  XI. 

Choking. 

Slap  on  back.  Pass  finger  down  throat.  This  usually  causes 
vomiting.  If  a  child,  hold  him  up  by  the  feet,  head  downward,  and 
slap  on  the  back.  Send  for  doctor,  if  severe. 

Coal  Gas,  Suffocation  from. 

Send  for  doctor. 

Get  patient  into  fresh  air — loosen  clothing.  Keep  patient  warm 
with  hot-water  bags.  Rub  limbs  toward  body.  Dash  cold  water  hi 
face.  Doctor  will  probably  use  artificial  respiration. 

Colds. 

At  the  first  sign  of  "taking  a  cold" — use  some  simple  remedy, 
such  as  inhaling  camphor  from  time  to  tune  for  several  hours.  Dampen 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  121 

the  center  of  a  handkerchief  in  water,  and  drop  on  it  some  spirit  of 
camphor.  Eat  a  sliced  onion.* 

Take  two  drops  of  spirit  of  camphor  on  a  tsp.  sugar. 

Or,  drop  five  drops  camphor  in  $  tumbler  of  water.  Take  a  tsp. 
every  half  hour. 

Ginger  tea  is  a  much  valued  old-fashioned  remedy.  Pour  boiling 
water  over  a  tbsp.  bruised  ginger  root.  Let  stand  two  hours.  The 
dose  is  1  tbsp.  every  hour  or  two. 

If  the  "cold"  continues,  take  a  laxative,  such  as  castor  oil  or 
rhubarb,  and  follow  the  dose  with  a  hot  foot  bath  at  night  and  hot 
lemonade  after  getting  into  bed,  to  induce  perspiration.  Keep  well 
covered. 

If  a  cough  comes  with  the  cold,  lemon  juice  and  sugar  syrup  make 
a  pleasant  cough  remedy;  or  molasses-and-vinegar  syrup  is  liked  \>y 
children.  Mix  hi  the  proportion  of  1  tbsp.  vinegar  to  2  tbsp.  molasses. 

Flaxsced  tea  will  sometimes  relieve  a  "tickling"  cou^h.  Pour 
2  cups  of  boiling  water  over  1  tbsp.  whole  flaxseeds.  Stir;  let  simmer 
gently  one-half  hour.  Add  juice  of  half  a  lemon,  and  sugar  if  desired. 
Take  a  tbsp.  as  often  as  wished. 

If  the  chest  is  sore,  rub  it  with  camphorated  oil,  or  ammonia  lini- 
ment, which  is  made  by  shaking  together  in  a  bottle  4  tbsp.  olive  f  sweet) 
oil  and  1  tbsp.  household  ammonia.  This  hardens  upon  standing  a 
few  days  —  so  it  is  best  made  as  needed. 

All  these  are  simple  home  remedies,  but  if  a  cold  i.s  severe,  see  a 
doctor.  A  neglected  cold  is  dangerous. 

Colic. 

Colic  pains  in  abdomen  are  generally  caused  by  indigestible  food, 
overeating,  constipation,  etc. 
Treatment: 

Give  peppermint  in  hot  water;  hot-water  enema.  Keep  abdomen 
warmly  wrapped  hi  flannel;  use  hot-water  bottles,  or  turpentine  stupe. 

If  a  child  —  massage  abdomen  with  warm  olive  oil. 


•  If  to  the  onion  in  added  a  tbsp.  or  two  of  water,  a  tbsp.  vinegar  (nnd 
oil,  if  desired),  popper  and  wilt,  it  will  bo  found  a  pub  table  p.'ifod  with  bn  •.'<!  ntxf 
butter,  and  will  be  liked  bv  most  children 


122 


THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


Convulsions  of  Children. 

Caused  by  indigestion,  constipation  or  oncoming  illness.     Child 
becomes  stiff,  pulse  is  weak  and  rapid.     Breathing  is  feeble,  face  is 
pale  at  first,  afterward  livid. 
Treatment: 

Send  for  doctor.     Place  child  in  warm  bath,  with  ice  bag  (or  ice- 
water  cloths)  on  head. 
Corns. 

For  soft  corn,  apply  vaseline. 

For  hard  corn,  apply  iodine  and  remove  pressure  by  using  corn 
plaster. 

For  a  very  sore  corn,  use  a  bread  poultice  at  night.  (See  "Plasters 
and  Poultices"  at  end  of  this  list,  page  134.) 

Croup. 

Croup  is  generally  more  alarming  than  dangerous. 

Give  1  teaspoon  syrup  of  ipecac  to  make  child  vomit. 

Apply  cloths  wrung  out  of  hot  water  on  neck  and  chest. 

A  boiling  tea  kettle,  in  which  there  are  2  tbsp.  compound  tincture 
of  benzoin,  will  afford  relief.  Direct  the  steam  toward  the  child  so 
that  some  of  it  may  be  inhaled. 

Keep  the  child  in  the  same  warm  room  forty-eight  hours,  main- 
taining the  atmosphere  at  an  even  temperature. 

The  day  after  the  attack,  give  the  child  castor  oil  or  simple  syrup 
of  rhubarb. 

If  croup  does  not  clear  up  in  twenty-four  hours,  see  the  doctor  for 

membranous  croup  or  diph- 
theria. 

Cuts  (Slight). 

Touch  with — 

Tincture  of  iodine,  or 
if  iodine  is  not  at 
hand, 


How  TO  STRAP  A  CUT  FINGER 


Alcohol,  or 

Vinegar  and  water — equal  parts. 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST 


If  edges  are  spread  far  apart,  strap  together  with  narrow 
strips  of  adhesive  plaster  across  wound.  Wrap  with  sterile  gauze. 

If  cut  is  larger,  after  applying  iodine,  fasten  on  a  gauze  compress 
—  cut  }  inch  larger  than  wound  —  with  a  bandage,  or  with  strips  of 
adhesive  plaster. 

Caution.  —  Never  cover  a  wound  or  cut  airtight.  (See  also  Chapter 
VII.) 

Diarrhea. 

Usually  caused  by  indigestion,  impure  water,  etc.  Home  remedies 
are  raw  flour  and  water  paste;  a  raw  egg  in  a  cup  of  hot  tea;  spiced 
syrup  of  rhubarb. 

Give  a  dose  of  castor  oil  to  clear  the  digestive  tract  of  the  irri- 
tating material.  If  there  is  much  pain,  keep  abdomen  warm  with 
flannel  and  hot-water  bag.  If  a  small  child,  restrict  diet  to  barley  water 
and  white  of  egg  in  water. 

Give  adults  milk  and  other  liquid  foods.  If  persistent,  see 
doctor. 

Earache. 

Caused  sometimes  by  bad  teeth,  but  generally  by  cold  or  hardened 
ear  wax. 

Hold  ear  over  cloth  wrung  out  of  hot  water,  on  which  are  several 
drops  of  alcohol.  Syringe  ear  with  warm  bicarbonate  of  soda  water— 
1  tsp.  to  a  cup;  or  peroxide  of  hydrogen  water  —  1  tbsp.  to  a  cup  of 
water. 

One  drop  laudanum,  or  one  drop  arnica  to  three  drops  very  warm 
olive  oil,  dropped  into  ear  with  a  medicine  dropper,  often  relieves 
pain;  or  cotton  may  be  saturated  with  the  warm  olive  oil  and  placed 
in  the  ear  and  covered  with  dry  cotton.  To  prevent  hardening  of  wax: 
keep  ear  anointed  with  ordinary  red  vaseline  (unbleached  vaseline). 
For  watery  discharge  of  ear,  dust  with  dry  boric  acid. 

Fainting. 

Caused  by  too  small  a  quantity  of  blood  to  the  brain. 

To  prevent:  Fresh  air;  drink  of  cold  water;  J  tsp.  aromatic  spirit 
of  ammonia  in  water;  bond  in  2  head  over  between  knees. 


124  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

If  the  person  has  fainted: 

Keep  crowd  back;  place  in  lying-down  position. 
Dash  face  with  cold  water. 

Let  patient  inhale  smelling  salts  or  household  ammonia. 
Rub  limbs  toward  body. 

Remember :  An  unconscious  person  cannot  swallow.  Medicine  may 
enter  windpipe  and  cause  strangulation.  After  patient  becomes  con- 
scious, give  stimulants;  such  as  aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia  or  hot  coffee. 

Fever  Blisters  (Cold  Sores). 

Apply  boric  acid  ointment,*  or  touch  frequently  with  spirit  of 
nitre  or  spirit  of  camphor. 

Fits. 

There  are  two  kinds: 

1.  Hysterical — sobbing,  crying  and  laughing  without  cause,  jerky 
movement  of  the  limbs. 

Treatment: 

Let  patient  quietly  alone. 

2.  Epileptic — convulsive  movements  and  unconsciousness. 

Treatment: 

Keep  patient  from  biting  tongue  by  putting  a  piece  of  wood  or 
folded  cloth  between  teeth.  Lay  on  side;  loosen  clothing;  turn  face 
to  side  so  that  secretions  may  not  strangle. 

After  the  fit,  let  patient  sleep. 

Do  )wt  give  stimulants. 

Foreign  Body  in  Ear. 

If  an  insect,  drown  out  with  warm  olive  oil,  or  pour  a  little  pure 
alcohol  into  ear. 

Do  not  probe  ear. 

*  See  Liat  of  Medicines  No.  22. 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  125 

Foreign  Body  in  Eye. 

Wink.     Do  not  rub. 

Lift  upper  lid  down  over  lower,  blowing  opposite  nostril. 

If  these  means  fail,  turn  lid  back  over  a  toothpick,  removing 
foreign  body  gently  with  the  pointed  corner  of  a  handkerchief.  For 
bits  of  plaster,  use  dilute  vinegar  in  eye  cup.  For  acids,  use  very 
dilute  bicarbonate  of  soda  solution.  (See  Chapter  XI.) 

Frost  Bites. 

Parts  frozen  turn  whitish  or  waxy  looking. 

Do  not  bring  patient  into  a  warm  room. 

Use  cold  applications.     Keep  in  cold  room.     (See  Chapter  VII.) 

Rub  with  snow  or  ice-water  cloths,  very  gradually  applying  heat. 

"Gum  Boils"  or  "Canker  Sores." 

So-called  "gum  boils"  or  "canker  sores"  are  little  ulcer-like  sores 
which  at  times  appear  in  children's  mouths,  caused  by  disarrangement 
of  the  stomach.  Local  applications,  such  as  borax  or  powdered  alum, 
shrink  the  sores  and  give  a  little  relief;  but  the  child  should  be  given  a 
dose  of  calcined  magnesia  at  night  or  citrate  of  magnesia  in  the  morn- 
ing. (Never  give  a  small  dose  of  citrate  of  magnesia ;  a  child  of  twelve 
years  should  take  a  tumblerful.) 

Heat  Exhaustion.     (Collapse  Due  to  Excessive  Heat.)     Dangerous ! 

In  heat  exhaustion,  the  symptoms  and  treatment  arc  similar  to 
shoi'k:  pale  face;  weak,  feeble  heart  beats;  greut  weakness,  but  not 
unconsciousness;  shallow  breathing:  cold,  clammy  perspiration  on 
face. 

Ti-ffitmtnt:    Send  for  dootor.     Remove  to  cool  place. 

Do  mtt  use  cold  applications,  dive  stimulants — hot  coffee,  ten, 
aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia,  etc.  Cover  with  blankets  and  use  hot- 
water  Ixttt  !cs. 

Hemorrhage  i Severe  Bleeding). 

Send   for  doctor.      While  waiting,   try  to  staunch  flow  of  blood. 
If  woitnd  ^  in  a  limb: 


126          THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

If  blood  is  red,  and  comes  in  spurts  (arterial) — 

Elevate  wounded  part,  tie  cloth  tightly  around  limb  between 

wound  and  body, 
or  use  a  tourni- 
quet,* loosening 
it  in  one  hour. 
If  not  loosened, 
there  is  danger 
of  gangrene. 

If    blood    is    dark,    and 
USING  A.  TOURNIQUET  comes    in     slow 

flow    (venous) — 

Tie  a  cloth  around  between  end  of  limb  and  wound.  Or  use  a 
tourniquet,  loosening  it  in  one  hour. 

In  either  case,  bandage  a  clean  gauze  compress  against  wound. 
If  unable  to  use  these  methods  because  of  too  rapid  bleeding,  press 
fingers  into  wound,  but  have  another  person  tie  as  described.  Do  not 
use  finger  pressure  if  possible  to  avoid,  for  the  wound  should  be  kept 
clean. 

Any  of  the  following  tend  to  stop  bleeding: 

Ice  or  ice  water. 

Very  hot  water. 

Vinegar,  1  tbsp.  to  4  tbsp.  water. 

Salt,  1  tsp.  to  4  tbsp.  water. 

Wet  a  compress  (several  thicknesses  of  gauze)  in  any  of  these  and 
bandage  on  wound. 

For  hemorrhage  of  lungs,  place  ice-bag  on  chest, 

DO   NOT   GIVE   WHISKEY   OR   BRANDY! 

For  slight  wounds,  see  "Cuts." 


*  A  tourniquet  (pronounced  turn-e-ket)  is  a  constricting  band  used  to  stop 
bleeding.  Usually  a  triangular  bandage  is  folded  into  cravat  form  (see  page  83) 
and  tied  loosely  about  the  limb;  then  twisted  as  shown  in  this  picture.  A  rubber 
band,  necktie,  garter  or  a  piece  of  rope  may  be  used  in  emergency. 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  127 

Hiccough. 

Generally  caused  by  indigestion. 

Nine  to  fifteen  swallows  of  water  without  taking  a  breath,  or  one 
or  two  soda-mint  tablets,  will  generally  give  relief.  If  persistent,  cause 
vomiting  by  tickling  throat  with  fingers,  or  by  swallowing  a  cup  of 
warm  water  in  which  \  tsp.  mustard  id  dissolved.  (See  Chapter  XI.) 

Hives  (Nettle  Rash). 

For  itching,  rub  into  them  common  table  salt,  or  bathe  with 
equal  parts  vinegar  and  water. 

Hives  indicate  stomach  trouble.     Give  citrate  of  magnesia. 

If  hives  persist,  give  J  tsp.  table  salt  in  water  or  £  tsp.  cream  of 
tartar  in  \  glass  of  water  three  times  a  day  for  three  days. 

If  hives  still  persist,  consult  doctor.     (See  Chapter  X.) 

Indigestion. 

Hot  water.  Soda  mints.  Aromatic  spirit  of  ammonia.  Bicar- 
bonate of  soda  (baking  soda).  Hot  applications  to  the  stomach. 

Itching. 

For  itching  which  affects  the  whole  body,  give  a  bath;  apply 
sulphur  ointment. 

Sulphur  ointment  is  made  by  rubbing  2  tbsp.  flowers  of  sulphur 
into  a  dessertspoonful  of  lard. 

Lice  in  Hair  (Pediculosis). 

Wash  hair  with  kerosene,  leaving  it  on  over  night;  or  use  tincture 
of  larkspur*  in  the  same  way. 

Perhaps  the  best  remedy  is  fishberrics.* 

Five  cents  worth  of  the  berries  may  be  boiled  in  1  pint  water 
for  ten  minutes. 

Wash  hair  next  day  after  using  any  of  these  remedies. 

Nails  (Ingrowing). 

Scrape  surface — a  piece  of  glass  is  good  for  this  purpose.  Cut  in 
V-shapo.  Pack  absorbent  cotton  under  affected  side.  Paint  with  iodine. 

*  1'oison. 


128          THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

Nausea  (Sick  Stomach). 

Give  small  bits  of  cracked  ice.     Soda  mint.    Lime  water. 
To  crack  ice:  wrap  a  piece  in  a  cloth,  and  hammer. 

Nosebleed. 

Head  in  upright  position.  Raise  arm  on  bleeding  side.  Loosen 
collar.  Apply  ice  in  a  cloth  to  bridge  of  nose  and  back  of  neck.  A 
roll  of  paper  under  upper  lip.  Snuff  cold  tea  up  nose,  or  salt  water, 
1  tsp.  to  cup  water,  or  the  same  of  powdered  alum. 

If  bleeding  continues,  tie  a  small  wad  of  cotton  with  thread;  dip 
it  into  peroxide  of  hydrogen,  and  plug  nostril  by  pushing  the  cotton 
gently  with  a  pencil.  The  thread  is  used  to  withdraw  cotton. 

If  these  means  fail,  send  for  doctor. 

Perspiration. 

For  deodorizing — use  a  paste  of  borax  and  water. 

Poison  Ivy  Rash. 

The  poison  ivy  plant  has  three  leaves  in  clusters. 

Do  not  scratch.*  Mop  on  rash  a  saturated  solution  of  Epsom  salt 
(as  much  as  can  be  dissolved  in  a  cup  of  water) ;  or,  wash  with  saturated 
solution  boric  acid.  Allow  it  to  dry  in  the  air. 

Lime  water  may  be  used  in  place  of  boric  acid. 

Wash  the  affected  surface  every  day,  dry  and  repeat  treatment. 

Sweet  fern  tea  is  very  good.  Steep  the  sweet  fern  in  boiling  water 
an  hour,  and  apply  to  rash. 

Poisoning — Treatment  and  Antidotes. 

Send  for  doctor,  but  work  immediately. 

If  you  do  not  know  what  caused  the  poisoning,  make  patient  vomit 
as  soon  as  possible  by  giving  1  tsp.  mustard  in  a  cup  of  warm  water,  or 
1  tsp.  salt  in  a  cup  of  warm  water,  or  2  tsp.  ipecac.  Repeat  if  neces- 
sarv. 


*  Mothers  who  find  it  difficult  to  keep  children  from  ecratohing  this  rash  at 
night  may  cover  hands  with  small  triangular  bandages. 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  129 

After  vomiting,  give  white  of  egg  stirred  in  water;  milk;  or 
boiled  starch.    Give  hot  coffee  as  stimulant. 
There  are  three  divisions  of  poisons: 

(a)  Those  that  affect  the  nervous  system;  as  opium,  aconite, 

alcohol. 

(6)  Those  that  irritate;  as  arsenic,  tainted  food, 
(c)  Those  that  corrode  (burn);    as  carbolic  acid,  oxalic  acid, 
bichloride  of  mercury  (which  is  corrosive  sublimate),  lye, 
caustic  alkalies. 

In  any  case  of  poisoning,  remember  that  the  first-aid  treatment 
is  to — 

1.  Remove  the  poisonous  material,  or 

2.  Neutralize  its  further  action. 

3.  Remedy  the  ill  effects  already  produced. 

1.  To  remove  the  poison,  give  emetic  (to  produce  vomiting);   as 
mustard  and  water  or  ipecac  or  salt  and  water. 

An  emetic  is  not  usually  used,  however,  in  corrosive  poisoning  (see  (c) 
above)  except  in  the  case  of  bichloride  of  mercury,  for  which  see 
special  direction  below. 

2.  To  neutralize  the  further  effect  of  poison,  give  something  to 
destroy  its  action;   for  instance,  if  lye  Ls  swallowed,  give  dilute  acid, 
as  vinegar  and  water. 

3.  To  remedy  the  ill  effects,  give  stimulants;  as  strong  coffee. 

SOME  ANTIDOTES 

For  Carbolic  Acid. — In  case  of  poisoning  from  carbolic  acid,  give 
alcohol  and  water;  or,  if  alcohol  is  not  at  hand,  1  tbsp.  Epsom  salt  in 
a  glass  of  water,  or  l>eaten  whites  of  eggs  in  milk.  Use  hot-water  bottle. 

Treatment  of  Poisoning  from  Any  Other  Acids  than  Carbolic  (Cor- 
rosives).— Give  alkalies — baking  soda,  1  tsp.  in  a  cup  water.  Lime 
water,  magnesia,  whitewash  diluted  with  water:  even  a  tbsp.  of  strong 
soapsuds.  Follow  with  beaten  white  of  egg  and  milk,  olive  oil,  coffee. 

Treatment  of  Poisoning  from  Alkalies  (Lye,  Household  Ammonia, 
etc.).  (Corrosives.) — Do  not  cause  vomiting.  1  tbsp.  vinegar  in  a  cup 
9 


180          THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

of  water;  lemon  juice  and  water,  half  and  half;  orange  juice;  follow 
with  whites  of  egg  in  milk,  olive  oil;  flour  and  water;  hot  coffee. 

For  Bichloride  of  Mercury  (Corrosive  Sublimate). — Give  beaten 
whites  of  eggs  in  water;  emetic — warm  mustard  water  (1  tsp.  to 
cup) ;  hot  coffee.  Keep  patient  warm. 

For  Iodine. — Give  boiled  starch,  or  starch  and  water,  or  flour  and 
water.  Give  hot  coffee.  Keep  patient  warm. 

For  Arsenic  (Irritant.  See  (6).). — Give  an  emetic;  tincture  of 
iron,  white  of  eggs,  coffee. 

For  Laudanum  (Affects  Nerves.  See  (a).). — Keep  patient  awake 
by  walking.  Give  strong  black  coffee. 

Powder  Wounds. 

Dangerous  because  powder  carries  germs  of  "lockjaw." 

Wash  the  skin.     Paint  with  iodine. 

Apply  vaseline.  This  loosens  any  bits  of  powder,  which  may  be 
washed  off  the  next  day. 

Absolutely  every  wound  of  this  character  must  be  treated  by  a  doctor, 
who  will  inject  antitetanic  serum.  (See  Chapter  XII.)] 

Prickly  Heat. 

Rash,  especially  on  young  children,  caused  by  heat.  Wash  with 
warm  water  and  soap.  Apply  alcohol  (one  part  to  three  of  water). 
Dust  with  talcum  powder.  (See  Chapter  X.) 

Ptomaine  Poisoning. 

Symptoms:  Severe  nausea,  purging  diarrhea.     See  doctor. 
Treatment:    Vomiting  is  necessary.      Give   cup  warm  water   in 
which  1  tsp.  mustard  is  dissolved,  or  give  2  tsp.  ipecac.    Give  castor  oik 
Apply  external  heat — hot-water  bags. 
Give  1  tsp.  paregoric,  if  you  have  it. 

Sea-Sickness. 

Cracked  ice.  The  best  preventive  is  to  see  the  doctor  a  week 
before  going  on  ocean  trip. 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  131 

Shock. 

The  word  "shock"  refers  to  the  condition  of  nervous  depression 
which  follows  any  accident,  or  sometimes  the  sight  of  one's  own  wound. 
The  breathing  is  feeble;  the  face  pale.  Send  for  doctor.  Place  patient 
in  lying-down  position.  Use  hot-water  bottles.  Give  hot  coffee;  aro- 
matic spirit  of  ammonia.  Gentle  massage  or  rub  limbs  toward  body. 

Keep  body  covered  and  warm.     (See  Chapter  III.) 

Sore  Throat. 

At  night  wrap  a  cloth  wet  in  alcohol  around  outside  of  throat. 
Gargle  with  salt  and  water  (1  tsp.  to  a  glass),  or  borax  and  water  in 
same  proportion,  or  hot  tea,  or  with  the  following — 
Gargle: 

2  tbsp.  vinegar, 
1  tbsp.  salt, 
Water  to  fill  a  tumbler. 
If  persistent,  see  doctor. 

Splinters. 

Open  wound  with  sterile  needle.  Pull  splinter  out  from  the  direc- 
tion it  entered.  Apply  iodine  or  turpentine. 

If  under  nail,  cut  nail  in  V-shape  at  point  where  splinter  entered. 
before  extracting  splinter.  Use  tweezers.  Paint  the  place  with  iodine. 

A  pair  of  extracting  tweezers  cost  little,  and  should  be  in  even- 
household. 

To  make  needle  or  tweezers  sterile,  dip  in  alcohol  or  pass  through 
a  flame. 

Sprain. 

If  at  all  severe,  send  for  doctor. 

Elevate  limb.  Apply  cloth  wrung  from  ice  water,  or  an  ice  hag,  for 
sereral  hours,  then  apply  heat.  Bandage  to  keep  limb  at  rrj-t. 

Stiff  Neck. 

Rub  with  sassafras  oil  or  with  capsicum  vaseline. 


132          THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

Stings. 

Extract  sting  if  it  remains  imbedded  in  flesh.  Apply  household 
ammonia,  diluted  with  a  little  water,  or  solution  of  bicarbonate  of  soda 
(1  tsp.  soda  to  1  cup  water). 

Mud,  wet  salt,  slice  of  onion,  arnica,  witch  hazel,  camphor  are 
soothing.  If  there  is  much  swelling,  apply  cracked  ice.  Apply  spirit 
of  camphor  or  alcohol  to  mosquito  bites. 

Strain  of  Muscles. 

Apply  ice-water  cloths  or  an  ice  bag.  If  the  cold  fails  to  give 
relief  in  an  hour,  apply  heat.  Bathe  with  arnica,  alcohol  and  water, 
and  rest  the  parts. 

Sunburn. 

To  prevent:  Anoint  exposed  parts  with  cold  cream,  vaseline,  or 
use  toilet  powder  before  going  out. 

Treatment:   Never  wash  sunburn.     Never  open  blisters. 
Apply— 

1  part  lime  water,  3   parts  olive  oil,  shaken  together  in  a 
bottle. 

Sunstroke  (Collapse  Due  to  Exposure  to  Rays  of  Sun). 

Distinguish  between  sunstroke  and  heat  exhaustion. 

In  sunstroke  the  symptoms  are:  red  face;  rapid  heart  beats; 
headache;  vomiting;  fever;  noisy  breathing  and  sighing;  stupor;  no 
perspiration ;  unconsciousness. 

Treatment:  Send  for  doctor.  Remove  to  cool  place.  Loosen 
clothing.  Apply  ice  in  a  cloth,  or  cloths  wrung  out  of  ice  water  to  entire 
body. 

Give  NO  STIMULANTS — NO  WHISKEY  OR  BRANDT. 

Toothache. 

See  dentist. 

Hot  applications.  Iodine  painted  on  gums.  Oil  of  cloves  on  cotton 
in  tooth.  (Be  careful  in  using  this.)  (See  Chapter  XI.) 


A  READY  REFERENCE  LIST  133 

Warts. 

Apply  a  "com  cure"  containing  "cannabis  indica."  Nitric  acid 
may  be  applied,  but  it  is  so  dangerous  a  poison  that  it  is  unsafe  for 
children  to  handle. 

Wounds. 

See  "Hemorrhage"  for  deep,  bleeding  wounds. 

If  surface  is  scraped,  as  from  a  fall  in  sand,  wash  wound  with  hot 
water  (which  has  been  boiled)  and  pure  soap,  such  as  Castile,  and  paint 
with  iodine.  Fasten  a  sterile  gauze  compress  in  place  over  scraped 
surface  with  a  bandage  or  adhesive  plaster. 

See  also  "Cuts,"  "Powder  Wounds." 


PLASTERS,  POULTICES  AND  STUPES 

Moist  heat,  in  the  form  of  plasters,  poultices,  and  stupes,  is  more 
penetrating  than  dry  heat,  and  is  often  employed  in  cases  of  severe 
inflammation. 

Mustard  plasters  are  in  such  common  use  that  it  seems  unnecessary 
to  mention  their  value  as  counter-irritants. 

To  Make  a  Mustard  Plaster. — For  an  adult,  mix  together  in  the 
proportion  of  1  tbsp.  mustard  and  3  or  4  tbsp.  flour,  and  rub  into 
a  smooth  paste  with  warm  water — not  hot  or  cold  water. 

For  a  child,  use  from  4  to  6  tbsp.  flour  to  £  tbsp.  mustard. 

Spread  the  paste  on  muslin,  turning  each  edge  over  about  an  inch. 
Cover  with  gauze  or  a  piece  of  thin  muslin. 

To  prevent  blistering,  it  is  well  to  add  beaten  white  of  egg  in 
making  the  plaster,  and  to  anoint  the  skin  with  vaseline  or  olive  oil 
before  applying  the  plaster. 

After  removing  plaster  (in  about  fifteen  minutes),  cover  skin  with 
thin  muslin. 

If  much  inflamed,  apply  olive  oil  or  vaseline. 

Flaxseed  is  the  favorite  material  for  making  a  poultice,  because 
the  oil  in  the  seed  retains  heat  longer  than  most  other  materials. 

To  Make  a  Flaxseed  Poultice. — Into  a  cup  of  boiling  water,  stir  as 
much  ground  flaxseed  as  it  will  "take  up."  Spread  on  muslin;  fold 
edges  over  one  inch  or  more,  and  cover  with  one  layer  of  gauze. 
Poultice  is  applied  as  hot  as  possible  to  the  surface.  Replace 
in  one  hour. 

A  bread  poultice  is  made  by  laying  a  slice  of  bread  in  a  sieve,  and 
pouring  hot  water  over  it.  It  is  placed  on  muslin  and  applied  direct. 

Poultices  are  not  used  as  much  as  they  were  a  number  of  years 
ago,  but  stupes  give  such  relief  to  pain  in  the  abdomen  that  mention 
should  be  made  of  the 

Turpentine  Stupe. — To  1  pint  boiling  water,  add  2  tsp.  oil  of  tur- 
pentine. Dip  a  large  piece  of  flannel  into  this.  Wring  out  by  twisting 


PLASTERS,  POULTICES  AND  STUPES  135 

in  a  towel — lay  wet  flannel  in  center  of  towel,  fold  edges  of  towel  over 
the  flannel  and  twist  ends  of  towel  until  the  flannel  is  quite  dry.  Apply 
hot!  Cover  with  a  large  dry  towel.  Watch  that  it  does  not  blister. 
Anoint  with  vaseline  or  olive  oil  before  applying  stupe  if  skin  is  very 
sensitive. 

An  easier  method  is  to  mix  together  equal  parts  oil  of  turpentine 
and  olive  oil.  Heat  by  setting  the  cup  containing  the  mixture  in 
very  hot  water.  Apply  by  rubbing.  Cover  with  woolen  cloth  wrung 
out  of  hot  water,  as  described  above. 


LIST  OF  REMEDIES  FOR  THE  HOME  MEDICINE 

CLOSET 

In  every  home  there  should  be  a  certain  closet  or  shelf  high  above 
little  children's  reach,  where  the  medicines  and  articles  needed  in 
emergencies  are  kept.  Among  these  should  be  found,  plainly  labeled, 
the  following: 

1.  Tincture  of  Iodine. 

2.  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia. 

3.  Boric  Acid  Powder. 

4.  Stearate  of  Zinc 

5.  Pure  Alcohol. 

6.  Lime  Water. 

7.  Carron  Oil. 


22.  Boric  Acid  Ointment. 

23.  Powdered  Alum. 

24.  Borax. 

25.  Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb. 
-26.  Picric  Acid  Gauze. 

27.  Aromatic  Smelling  Salts. 

28.  Oil  of  Cloves. 

29.  Normal  Salt  Solution. 


8.  Epsom  Salt. 

9.  Soda-Mint-and-Pepsin  Tablets.  30.  Powdered  Mustard. 

10.  Baking  Soda.  31.  Essence  of  Peppermint. 

11.  Household  Ammonia.  32.  Tincture  of  Arnica. 

12.  Adhesive  (Zinc  Oxide)  Plaster.  33.  Oil  of  Turpentine. 


13.  Tube  Vaseline. 

14.  Capsicum  Vaseline. 

15.  Peroxide  of  Hydrogen. 

16.  Castor  Oil. 

17.  Witch  Hazel. 

18.  Essence  of  Ginger. 

19.  Syrup  of  Ipecac. 

20.  Spirit  of  Camphor. 

21.  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre. 


34.  Aseptic  Absorbent  Cotton. 

35.  Sterile  Gauze. 

36.  Triangular  Bandages. 

37.  Roller  Bandages. 

38.  Rubber  Ear  Syringe. 

39.  Fountain  Syringe. 

40.  Measuring  Glass. 

41.  Eye  Dropper. 

42.  Hot-Water  Bottle. 


For  description  of  the  above  remedies  and  dosage,  see  the  fol- 
lowing pages. 

IMPORTANT  NOTE. — All  bottles  containing  medicines  which  are 
poisonous  when  swallowed,  such  as  iodine,  should  be  labeled  with  red 


137 


ink  and  should  be  tied  with   a  rag  about  the  neck,   in  order  that 
even  in  the  dark,  no  mistake  may  be  made. 

Read  labels  three  time*  before  giving  or  taking  medicine: 
Before  taking  from  closet; 
Before  measuring  dose; 
Before  giving  to  patient. 
Have  amount  given  for  a  dose  written  on  each  label. 

MEASURES. 

30  drops \  tsp.     (teaspoon) 

60  drops 1  tsp.,  or  1  dram. 

2  tsp 1  dessertspoon. 

4  tsp 1  tbsp.     (tablespoon) 

1  tbsp \  ounce. 

2  tbsp 1  ounce. 

1.  Tincture  of  Iodine. 

(One  ounce  in  a  large-mouthed  glass-stoppered  bottle.) 

This  should  be  in  every  household  and  every  member  above  ten 
years  of  age  should  know  where  it  is  kept.  Any  open  wound  or  cut 
should  be  immediately  touched  with  this  antiseptic. 

Iodine  is  a  poison  if  swallowed,  but  is  the  best  household  remedy 
in  cases  of  cuts  or  wounds.  It  should  be  applied  to  such  injuries 
immediately,  for  it  destroys  germs.  Iodine  may  be  applied  direct 
by  pouring  on  wound;  or  with  a  small  wad  of  absorbent  cotton  fastened 
to  a  toothpick. 

If  iodine  is  swallowed  by  accident,  give  cornstarch  and  water,  or 
boiled  starch,  or  bread  softened  in  water. 

To  take  iodine  stains  out  of  materials,  use  strong  household 
ammonia. 

2.  Aromatic  Spirit  of  Ammonia. 

(One  ounce  in  glass-stoppered  bottle.) 
Dosr: 

Children,  10  drops  in  \  glass  of  water. 

Grown  people,  $  tsp.  in  \  glass  of  water. 


138          THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

Dose  may  be  safely  repeated  every  hour  for  several  hours. 
This  is  used  for  nervousness,  headaches,  indigestion,  fainting,  etc. 
(Remember  that  an  unconscious  person  cannot  swallow,  so  do  not 
give  an  unconscious  person  medicine,  for  it  may  cause  choking.) 

3.  Boric  Acid  Powder. 

(One-half  pound.) 

Boric  acid  is  not  an  acid,  but  a  simple  harmless  alkali. 

Useful  in  solution  as  a  mouth  wash;  also  for  stings  and  for  sore 
eyes.  Dissolve  as  much  as  possible  in  a  cup  of  freshly  boiled  water. 
For  sore  eyes,  use  in  an  eye-dropper  or  an  eye-cup.  It  is  both  harmless 
and  safe.  Sometimes  the  dry  powder  is  dusted  on  the  blistered  surface 
of  a  burn  to  dry  blisters.  Talcum  powders  contain  a  great  deal  of 
boric  acid,  which  is  cooling  and  healing. 

4.  Compound  Stearate  of  Zinc. 

(One  ounce.) 

A  simple,  excellent  dusting  powder  for  skin  irritations. 

5.  Pure  Alcohol. 

(One  pint  hi  glass-stoppered  bottle.  The  glass  stopper  prevents 
evaporation.) 

Useful  for  bathing  hi  case  of  fever — to  reduce  temperature.  Dip 
needle  into  alcohol  before  taking  a  splinter  out — to  "sterilize"  or 
remove  germs  from  needle.  If  iodine  becomes  too  strong  because  of 
evaporation,  add  a  little  pure  alcohol. 

NOTE. — "Wood"  alcohol  is  a  poison,  sometimes  causing  blindness; 
even  used  for  bathing,  it  injures  the  eyes. 

"Denatured"  alcohol  is  a  poison. 

6.  Lime  Water. 

(Five  cents'  worth.) 

Dose:   1  to  2  tbsp.  or  more  in  water  or  milk. 
Used  for  acid  indigestion,  for  poisoning  from  acids,  and  in  making 
carron  oil. 


REMEDIES  FOR  THE  HOME  MEDICINE  CLOSET     139 

7.  Carron  Oil. 

(One-half  pint.) 

Carron  oil  is  excellent  for  burns,  it  may  be  purchased  at  the  drug 
store,  or  made  by  shaking  together  in  a  bottle  equal  parts  of  linseed 
oil  and  lime  water;  for  instance:  one-quarter  cup  Unseed  oil,  one 
quarter  cup  lime  water. 

8.  Epsom  Salt. 

(One-half  pound.) 

Useful  as  a  laxative. 

Dose:   1  tsp.  to  1  tbsp.  in  a  glass  of  water. 

To  relieve  the  skin  in  ivy  poisoning,  dissolve  as  much  Epsom 
salt  as  possible  in  a  quarter  cup  boiled  water.  When  cool,  bathe  skin 
and  allow  to  dry  in  the  air. 

9.  Soda-Mint-and-Pepsin  Tablets. 

A  simple  remedy  for  indigestion. 

10.  Baking  Soda  (Bicarbonate  of  Soda). 

(Two  ounces  in  a  box  or  glass.) 

Useful  in  solution  in  case  of  scalds  or  burns,  and  stings  of  inseciS. 

For  indigestion:  dose  §  tsp.  in  §  glass  hot  water. 

11.  Household  Ammonia. 

(Label,  "POISON.") 

In  case  of  fainting,  hold  a  little  distance  from  patient's  nose. 
Useful  for  stings  of  insects. 

12.  Adhesive  (Zinc  Oxide)  Plaster. 

(One  yard,  one-half  inch  wide.) 

Useful  for  holding  dressings  in  place  or  for  fastening  end  of  bandages, 
etc.;  for  support  in  sprains  in  place  of  bandages;  for  strapping  a  cut, 
but  should  not  be  used  to  cover  a  cut  or  wound. 

13.  Tube  Vaseline. 

Useful  for  burns,  chapped  hands,  granulated  eyelids.  Do  not  put 
vaseline  on  fresh  cuts  or  wounds. 

If  a  glass  stopper  is  oiled  with  vaseline,  it  will  not  "stick"  fast. 


140 


14.  Tube  Capsicum  Vaseline. 

Used  for  stiff  neck,  and  in  place  of  mustard  plaster  when  only :  a 
mild  irritant  is  needed. 

15.  Peroxide  of  Hydrogen. 

(Four  ounces.) 

Do  not  use  on  cuts!  Cotton  saturated  with  peroxide  of  hydrogen 
will  generally  stop  severe  nosebleed.  Used  sometimes  for  burns. 
Keep  bottle  in  a  dark  closet;  it  deteriorates  in  the  light. 

NOTE. — Peroxide  of  hydrogen  is  recommended  by  State  Boards  of 
Health  as  a  protection  against  Infantile  Paralysis.  Use  as  a  spray  for 
nose  and  throat,  or  as  a  gargle,  in  the  proportion  of  one  part  perox- 
ide to  three  parts  water. 

16.  Castor  Oil. 

(Two  ounces.) 

Dose:  Children,  1  to  2  tsp.;  adults,  1  to  2  tbsp. 

A  mild  purgative,  clearing  the  intestines  of  undigested  food  in  case 
of  acute  indigestion. 

It  may  be  given  in  capsules;  or  one  of  the  patent  ("proprietary") 
preparations  may  be  given.  There  are  one  or  two  of  these  which  are 
not  at  all  unpleasant  to  take.  An  easy  method  of  taking  castor  oil: 
hold  a  piece  of  ice  in  the  mouth  before  taking;  and  after,  rinse  the 
mouth  with  ice  water. 

17.  Witch  Hazel. 

(Ten  cents'  worth.) 

For  sprains,  stings,  bites  of  insects. 

Best  applied  in  wet  compress. 

18.  Essence,  or  Tincture,  or  Spirit  of  (Jamaica)  Ginger. 

(One  ounce.) 

Dose :  $  tsp.  in  a  tbsp.  hot  water.    Less  for  children, 

For  colic  and  indigestion. 


REMEDIES  FOR  THE  HOME  MEDICINE  CLOSET     141 


19.  Syrup  of  Ipecac. 
(Two  ounces.) 

Dose:  As  expectorant,  5  to  10  drops;  as  emetic,  1  tsp.  to  1  tbsp., 
according  to  age. 

Used  as  an  emetic — to  produce  vomiting — in  croup,  in  cases  of 
poisoning,  etc. 

Useful  in  small  doses  in  bronchitis  and  asthma. 

20.  Spirit  of  Camphor. 
(Two  ounces.) 

This  may  be  made  by  pouring  pure  alcohol  on  pure  gum  camphor. 
It  is  useful  for  colds  when  they  first  appear.     Dose :   2  drops  on  a 
tsp.  sugar. 

Excellent  for  mosquito  bites. 

21.  Sweet  Spirit  of  Nitre. 

(Two  ounces.) 
Dose: 

Children,  3  to  10  drops  in  }  glass  of  water. 

Adults,  20  drops  to  1  tsp.  in  j  glass  of  water. 
For  fever  and  colds.     Apply  to  fever  blisters  (cold  sores)  to  allay 
inflammation. 

22.  Boric  Acid  Ointment. 

Excellent  for  fever  blisters  (cold  sores).  Made  by  rubbing  1  tbsp. 
boric  acid  powder  into  1  tsp.  vaseline. 

23.  Powdered  Alum. 

(One  ounce.) 

Useful  for  bleeding  gums,  canker  spots,  as  a  gargle  in  sore 
throat,  etc. 

Dissolve  a  tsp.  in  a  glass  of  water. 

24.  Borax. 

(One  pound.) 

Useful  as  a  gargle  or  mouth  wash — one  tsp.  in  a  glass  of  water;  or 
as  a  deodorant  of  perspiration,  and  for  general  cleansing  purposes. 


142  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 

25.  Spiced  Syrup  of  Rhubarb. 

(Two  ounces.) 
Dose: 

Children  5  to  1  tsp. 

Adults  2  tsp. 
For  pain  in  abdomen,  indigestion,  diarrhea. 

26.  Picric  Acid  Gauze. 

(One  small  package.) 

This  is  excellent  as  a  compress  for  burns,  but  it  leaves  a  stain 
on  clothing  which  cannot  be  removed. 

27.  Aromatic  Smelling  Salts. 

Inhaled  for  faintness,  headache,  etc. 

28.  Oil  of  Cloves. 

(One-half  ounce.) 

For  toothache.     Saturate  a  piece  of  cotton  and  pack  in  the  tooth 
after  cleaning  out  the  cavity.     Cover  with  dry  cotton. 

29.  Normal  Salt  Solution. 
Excellent  for  burns. 

To  make:   Add  1  level  tsp.  table  salt  to  1  pint  water  which  has 
boiled  20  minutes.      Do  not  use  more  salt  than  directions  call  for. 

30.  Mustard  (Powdered). 

('One-quarter  pound.) 

One  tsp.  in  a  glass  of  lukewarm  water  will  cause  vomiting.     Useful 
as  an  emetic  in  cases  of  poisoning,  and  in  form  of  mustard  plaster. 

31.  Essence  of  Peppermint. 

(Two  ounces.) 
Dose: 

Children,  3  to  10  drops  in  |  glass  of  water. 

Adults,  10  to  20  drops  in  J  glass  of  water. 
For  colic,  flatulence  (gas),  heart-burn. 
Sometimes  used  externally  for  slight  burns. 


REMEDIES  FOR  THE  HOME  MEDICINE  CLOSET     143 

32.  Tincture  of  Arnica. 

(Four  ounces.) 

Applied  externally  as  a  remedy  for  strains,  sprains,  and  bruises. 

33.  Oil  of  Turpentine. 

(Two  ounces.) 

Useful  for  chilblains,  and  in  "stupes."     See  Ready  Reference  List, 
page  136. 

(Buy  this  at  the  drug  store — it  is  not  the  kind  used  in  paint.) 

34.  Aseptic  (Sterile)  Absorbent  Cotton. 

(Small  package.) 

"Aseptic"  means  clean,  or  free  from  germs.     Keep  clean  in  pack- 
age, owning  end  only  as  needed.     Throw  away  all  used  cotton. 

35.  Sterile  Gauze. 

(Buy  a  one-yard  package  at  the  drug  store.     Keep  it  wrapped.) 
"Sterile"  means  clean  in  a  medical  sense — free  from  germs.     Do 
not  handle.     Hands  are  seldom  clean  in  a  medical  sense.     Never  use 
old  rags  or  pieces  of  handkerchiefs  unless  freshly  laundered,  but  if 
possible  use  sterile  gauze  for  wrapping  cuts  or  wounds. 

36.  Triangular  Bandages. 

The  triangular  bandage  is  the  bandage  used  for  first-aid  emergencies. 
The  roller  bandages  are  for  more  permanent  use. 
It  is  most  convenient  to  have  on  hand  one  of  the  Red  Cross  First 
Aid  Outfits,  the  contents  of  which  are  so  packed  as  to  keep  them  free 
from  dust. 

The  simplest  of  these  outfits  contains  all  material  necessary  in 
ordinary  household  accidents: 

A  triangular  muslin  bandage. 
A  gauze  bandage. 
Two  safety  pins. 

On  the  triangular  bandage  are  printed  pictures  showing  the  way 
in  which  it  is  used.     (See  Chapter  XIII.) 
10 


144  THE  MARY  FRANCES  FIRST  AID  BOOK 


To  a  gauze  bandage  a  pad  of  gauze  is  sewed.  This  pad  may  be 
tied  over  a  wound  without  being  touched  with  the  hands. 

The  safety  pins  are  to  hold  bandages  in  place,  but  a  stitch  is  better. 

37.  Roller  Bandages. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  in  every  medicine  closet  there  should  be : 
Three  gauze  roller  bandages,   1   inch  wide   (for  bandaging 

fingers). 
Three  gauze  roller  bandages,  2§  inches  wide  (for  bandaging 

arms,  etc.). 

It  is  best  to  buy  roller  bandages,  "wrapped  ready  for  use,  at  the 
drug  store.  Never  use  a  wet  bandage,  for  it  shrinks  as  it  dries,  and 
stops  free  circulation  of  the  blood.  (See  Chapter  XVI.) 

38.  Rubber  Ear  Syringe. 

39.  Fountain  Syringe. 

40.  Graduate  Measuring  Glass,  marked  with  dosage 
— teaspoonful,  tablespoonful. 


EVE  DROPPER 

41.  Eye  Dropper,  which  can  be  used  to  drop  med- 

MEAS-  icine. 

TORINO  GLASS 

42.  Hot-Water  Bottle. 

While  this  list  of  contents  of  the  Home  Medicine  Closet  may  seem 
long,  the  cost  is  but  little,  and  the  timely  use  of  some  of  the  remedies 
may  prevent  serious  illness  and  save  doctors'  bills. 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

305  De  Neve  Drive  -  Parking  Lot  17  •  Box  951388 

LOS  ANGELES,  CALIFORNIA  90095-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library  from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


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